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Applications of fMRI to Psychiatry

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Functional Neuroradiology

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Abstract

The application of functional neuroimaging to characterize cortical dysfunction in patients with psychiatric disorders provides one of the most exciting in vivo techniques for the identification of both pathophysiologic factors and treatment effects. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) refers to a noninvasive method to assess cortical activation by measuring changes in oxidation and regional blood flow. The most frequently used fMRI paradigms involve primary sensory stimulation, including visual stimulation and motor sequencing, and affective and cognitive paradigms. Functional brain imaging studies have historically been limited both by the need to use radioactive tracers and by poor temporal resolution. Developments in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may largely surmount these limitations. First, the development of high-speed, echo-planar imaging devices has greatly enhanced the temporal resolution of MRI. With echo-planar imaging, single image planes can be acquired in 50–100 ms or multiple image planes can be acquired each second. Studies, which may be performed with or without a high-speed MR scanner, selectively detect image parameters that are proportional to cerebral blood flow (CBF) or blood volume (CBV). This strategy capitalizes on the fact that in general, focal changes in neuronal activity are coupled closely to changes in CBF and CBV.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, The Brain Institute, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA

    Melissa Lopez-Larson MD (Assistant Professor) & Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd PhD (Professor)

Authors
  1. Melissa Lopez-Larson MD
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  2. Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd PhD
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Correspondence to Melissa Lopez-Larson MD .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Temple University School of Medicine, 3401 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 19140-5189, Pennsylvania, USA

    Scott H. Faro

  2. Dept. of Radiology, Temple University Hospital, 3401 Broad Street, Philadelphia, 19140-5189, Pennsylvania, USA

    Feroze B. Mohamed

  3. , Radiology, University of Southern California School, Zonal Avenue 1975, Los Angeles, 90033, California, USA

    Meng Law

  4. , Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Watertown Plank Road 8701, Milwaukee, 53226, USA

    John T. Ulmer

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Lopez-Larson, M., Yurgelun-Todd, D.A. (2011). Applications of fMRI to Psychiatry. In: Faro, S., Mohamed, F., Law, M., Ulmer, J. (eds) Functional Neuroradiology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0345-7_31

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