Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

The Smallest Anthropoids pp 25–61Cite as

The Systematics and Distributions of the Marmosets (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates)

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects ((DIPR))

Abstract

The New World primate family Callitrichidae includes seven genera of marmosets, tamarins, lion tamarins and callimico. They are small, arboreal, diurnal, insectivore/frugivores of the forests, chaco, and scrub of tropical Central and South America. Some 60 species and subspecies of the family Callitrichidae are now recognized, 22 of which are considered to be marmosets, the “short-tusked” genera with dental and behavioral adaptations for tree-gouging and exudate-feeding. The marmosets are divided into four taxonomic groups, which we recognize as genera: Callithrix (eastern Brazilian marmosets of the Jacchus-group), Cebuella (the Amazonian pygmy marmosets), Callibella (the Amazonian dwarf marmoset), and Mico (the Amazonian marmosets of the Argentata-group). Studies over the last decade have demonstrated that Goeldi’s monkey or callimico is a sister species to these marmosets. Here we review the most recent information concerning the taxonomy of these 23 species and what is known of their geographic distributions in the wild.

Resumen

La familia de primates del Nuevo Mundo Callitrichidae incluye siete géneros de marmosetas, tamarinos, tamarinos leones y calimicos. Son primates pequeños, arbóreos, diurnos, insectívoros/frugívoros del bosque, chaco y monte de Centro y Sudamérica tropical. De las 60 especies y subespecies de la familia Callitrichidae se reconocen actualmente, 22 de las cuales son consideradas como marmosetas, el género “colmillo corto” con adaptaciones dentales y de comportamiento para excavación en árboles y alimentación de exudados. Las marmosetas son divididas en cuatro grupos taxonómicos, los cuales reconocemos como géneros: Callithrix (marmosetas del este de Brasil del grupo Jacchus), Cebuella (marmosetas pigmeas Amazónicas), Callibella (marmosetas Amazónicas enanas) y Mico (marmosetas del grupo Argentata). Los estudios en la última década han demostrado que los calimicos (o monos Goeldi) son una especie hermana de estas marmosetas. En el presente estudio revisamos la información más reciente concerniente a la taxonomía de estas 23 especies y lo que se conoce de sus distribuciones geográficas en estado silvestre.

Resumo

A família Callitrichidae de primatas do Novo Mundo inclui sete gêneros de sagüis e micos. Eles são pequenos, arbóreos, de hábitos diurnos, frugívoros/insetivoros ocorrendo em florestas, chaco e cerrado da América Central e Sul tropical. Cerca de 60 espécies e subespécies da família Callitrichidae são reconhecidas, 22 das quais são consideradas sagüis e micos dos gêneros de “presas-baixas” com adaptações dentais e comportamentais para raspar árvores e comer exudatos. Este grupo é dividido em quatro grupos taxonômicos que nós reconhecemos como gêneros: Callithrix (sagüis do leste brasileiro do grupo jacchus), Cebuella (sagüi-leãozinho amazônico), Callibella (o sägui amazônico anão) e Mico (o sagüis amazônicos do grupo argentata). Estudos desta última década têm demonstrado que o mico de Goeldi ou callimico é uma espécie irmã dos outros sagüis. Aqui nós revemos a informação mais recente relacionada a taxonomia destas 23 espécies e o que nós sabemos das suas distribuições geográficas na natureza.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aguiar JM, Lacher TE Jr (2003) On the morphological distinctiveness of Callithrix humilis Van Roosmalen et al., 1998. Neotrop Primates 11(1):11–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Aguiar JM, Lacher Jr TE (this volume) Cranial morphology of the dwarf marmoset Callibella in the context of callitrichid variability. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York pp 355–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen JA (1916) Mammals collected on the Roosevelt Brazilian Expedition, with field notes by Leo E. Miller. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 35(30):559–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso C, de Faria DS, Langguth A, Santee DF (1987) Variação da pelagem na área de intergradação entre Callithrix jacchus e Callithrix penicillata. Rev Brasil Biol 47(4):465–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Alperin R (1993) Callithrix argentata (Linnaeus, 1771): considerações taxonômicas e descrição de subespécie nova. Bol Mus Para Emílio Goeldi Sér Zool 9(2):317–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Alperin R (2002) Sobre a localidade tipo de Mico marcai (Alperin, 1993). Neotrop Primates 10(3):126–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Aquino R, Encarnación F (1994) Primates of Peru/Los primates del Perú. Prim Rep (40):1–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso CML (1995) Filogenia molecular da subfamília Callitrichinae (sensu Rosenberger 1981). Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Doctoral Thesis

    Google Scholar 

  • Barroso CML, Schneider H, Schneider MPC, Sampaio I, Harada ML, Czelusniak J, Goodman M (1997) Update on the phylogenetic systematics of New World monkeys: further DNA evidence for placing the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella) within the genus Callithrix. Int J Primatol 18(4):651–674

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bicca-Marques JC, Calegaro-Marques C (1995) Updating the known distribution of the pygmy marmoset (Cebuella pygmaea) in the state of Acre, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 3(2):48–49

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandão LD, Develey PF (1998) Distribution and conservation of the buffy-tufted-ear marmoset, Callithrix aurita, in lowland coastal Atlantic forest, south-east Brazil. Neotrop Primates 6(3):86–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandon-Jones D, Groves CP (2002) Neotropical primate family-group names replaced by Groves (2001) in contravention of Article 40 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Neotrop Primates 10(3):113–115

    Google Scholar 

  • Brazil IBGE (1972) Brasil. Carta Internacional do Mundo ao Milionesimo. Departamento de Documentação e Divulgação Geográfica e Cartográfica, Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Ministério do Planejamento e Coordenação Geral, Rio de Janeiro. Scale 1:1,000,000

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AD, Rumiz DI (1986) Distribución de los primates en Bolivia. In: de Mello MT (ed) A primatologia no Brasil–2. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, pp 335–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan-Smith HM, Hardie SM, Caceres C, Prescott MJ (2000) Distribution and forest utlization of Saguinus and other primates of the Pando Department, northern Bolivia. Int J Primatol 21(3):353–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cabrera A (1957) Catalogo de los mamíferos de América del Sur. Rev Mus Argent Cienc Nat Bernardino Rivadavia 4(1):1–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Canavez FC, Moreira MAM, Simon F, Parham P, Seuánez HN (1999a) Phylogenetic relationships of the Callitrichinae (Platyrrhini, Primates) based on beta2-microglobulin DNA sequences. Am J Primatol 48(3):225–236

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Canavez FC, Moreira MAM, Ladasky JJ, Pissinatti A, Parham P, Seuánez HN (1999b) Molecular phylogeny of New World primates (Platyrrhini) based on beta2-microglobulin DNA sequences. Molec Phylogen Evol 12(1):74–82

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chaves R, Sampaio I, Schneider MPC, Schneider H, Page SL, Goodman M (1999) The place of Callimico goeldii in the callitrichine phylogenetic tree: Evidence from von Willebrand Factor Gene Intron II sequences. Mol Phylogen Evol 13:392–404

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Christen A, Geissmann T (1994) A primate survey in northern Bolivia, with special reference to Goeldi’s monkey, Callimico goeldii. Int J Primatol 15(2):239–274

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1971) Os sagüis do gênero Callithrix da região oriental brasileira e um caso de duplo-hibridismo entre três de suas formas (Callithricidae, Primates). Rev Brasil Biol 31:377–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1984) Situação atual dos calitriquídeos que ocorrem no Brasil (Callitrichidae–Primates). In: de Mello MT (ed) A Primatologia no Brasil. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, pp 15–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1985) Sagüi-de-Wied Callithrix kuhli (Wied, 1826). FBCN/Inf Rio de Janeiro 9(4):5

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1986a) Sagüi-da-serra Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903). FBCN/Inf Rio de Janeiro 10(1):3

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1986b) Sagüi-da-serra-escuro Callithrix aurita (É. Geoffroy, 1812). FBCN/Inf Rio de Janeiro 10(2):3

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1986c) Sagüi-de-cara-branca Callithrix geoffroyi (Humboldt, 1812). FBCN/Inf Rio de Janeiro 10(3):3

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1990) Sistemática, distribuição geográfica e situação atual dos símios brasileiros (Platyrrhini–Primates). Rev Brasil Biol 50:1063–1079

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF (1991) Apontamentos sobre Callithrix aurita (É. Geoffroy, 1812) um sagüi pouco conhecido. In: Rylands AB, Bernardes AT (eds) A primatologia no Brasil–3. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia and Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, pp 145–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF, Câmara I de G (1996) Os limites originais do bioma mata atlântica na região Nordeste do Brasil. Fundação Brasileira para a Conservação da Natureza, Rio de Janeiro

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF, Mittermeier RA, Constable ID (1981) Callithrix flaviceps (Thomas, 1903) recorded from Minas Gerais, Brazil (Callitrichidae, Primates). Rev Brasil Biol 41(1):141–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF, Rylands AB, Pissinatti A, Santos IB (1991/1992) The distribution and conservation of the buff-headed capuchin monkey, Cebus xanthosternos, in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. Primate Conserv (12–13):24–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Coimbra-Filho AF, Pissinatti A, Rylands AB (1993) Experimental multiple hybridism among Callithrix species from eastern Brazil. In: Rylands AB (ed) Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, ecology, and behaviour. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 95–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortés-Ortiz L (this volume) Molecular phylogenetics of the Callitrichidae with an emphasis on the marmosets and Callimico. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York pp 3–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Cosenza BAP, de Melo FR (1998) Primates of the Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 6(1):18–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronin JE, Sarich VM (1978) Marmoset evolution: the molecular evidence. In: Gengozian N, Deinhardt F (eds) Primates in Medicine, vol 10. S Karger, Basel, pp 12–19

    Google Scholar 

  • da Cruz Lima E (1945) Mammals of Amazônia, vol. 1. General introduction and primates. Contribuições do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi de História Natural e Etnografia, Belém do Pará

    Google Scholar 

  • de Ávila-Pires FD (1969) Taxonomia e zoogeografia do gênero ‘Callithrix’ Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Callithricidae). Rev Brasil Biol 29(1):49–64

    Google Scholar 

  • de Ávila-Pires FD (1986) On the validity of and geographical distribution of Callithrix argentata emiliae Thomas, 1920 (Primates, Callithricidae). In: de Mello MT (ed) A primatologia no Brasil–2. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, pp 319–322

    Google Scholar 

  • de Carvalho CT (1959) Sobre a validez de Callithrix leucippe (Thos.) (Callithricidae, Primates). Pap Avuls Dept Zool Sec Agric S Paulo 13(27):317–320

    Google Scholar 

  • de Carvalho CT (1965) Comentários sobre os mamíferos descritos e figurados por Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira em 1790. Arq Zool 12:7–70

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Torre S (2000) Primates de la Amazonía del Ecuador/Primates of Amazonian Ecuador. Sociedad para la Investigación y Monitoreo de la Biodiversidad (SIMBOE), Quito

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vivo M (1985) On some monkeys from Rondônia, Brasil (Primates: Callitrichidae, Cebidae). Pap Avuls Zool S Paulo 4:1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vivo M (1991) Taxonomia de Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates). Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte

    Google Scholar 

  • Defler TR (2004) Primates of Colombia. Tropical Field Guide Series, Conservation International, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Dollman G (1933) Primates. Ser. 3. British Museum (Natural History), London

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF (1993a) The adaptive radiation of Amazonan callitrichids (Primates, Platyrrhini). Evolución Biológica 7:81–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF (1993b) Ecological differentiation in the Callitrichidae. In: Rylands AB (ed) Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour and ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 314–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF (1993c) An update on the black-headed marmoset, Callithrix nigriceps Ferrari and Lopes, 1992. Neotrop Primates 1(4):11–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF (1994) The distribution of the black-headed marmoset, Callithrix nigriceps: A correction. Neotrop Primates 2(1):11–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Lopes Ferrari MA (1990) A survey of primates in central Pará. Bol Mus Para Emílio Goeldi sér Zool 6(2):169–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Lopes MA (1992) A new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates) from western Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (12):1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Lopes MA (1996) Primate populations in eastern Amazonia. In: Norconk MA, Rosenberger AL, Garber PA (eds). Adaptive radiations of neotropical primates. Plenum Press, New York, pp 53–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Mendes SL (1991) Buffy-headed marmosets 10 years on. Oryx 25(2):105–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF Lopes MA, da Cruz Neto EH, Silveira MAES, Ramos EM, Ramos PCS, Tourinho DM, Magalhães NFA (1995) Primates and conservation in the Guajará-Mirim State Park, Rondônia, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 3(3):81–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Iwanaga S, da Silva JL (1996a) Platyrrhines in Pimenta Bueno, Rondônia, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 4(4):151–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Corrêa HKM, Coutinho PEG (1996b) Ecology of the southern marmosets (Callithrix aurita and Callithrix flaviceps) – how different, how similar? In: Norconk MA, Rosenberger AL, Garber PA (eds) Adaptive radiations of neotropical primates. Plenum Press, New York, pp 157–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrari SF, Iwanaga S, Ramos EM, Messias MR, Ramos PCS, da Cruz Neto EH (1999) Expansion of the known distribution of Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii) in south-western Brazilian Amazonia. Folia Primatol 70:112–116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flesher K (2001) Primates of the Chapada das Mangabeiras, Piauí, Brasil: a northern extension to the range of Alouatta caraya. Neotrop Primates 9(1):19–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford SM (1980) Callitrichids as phyletic dwarfs and the place of Callitrichidae in the Platyrrhini. Primates 21:31–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford SM, Davis LC (1992) Systematics and body size: implications for feeding adaptations in New World monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol 88:415–468

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ford SM, Davis LC (this volume) Marmoset postcrania and the skeleton of the dwarf marmoset, Callibella humilis. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York pp 411–448

    Google Scholar 

  • Freese CH, Heltne PG, Castro RN, Whitesides GH (1982) Patterns and determinants of monkey densities in Peru and Bolivia, with notes on distributions. Int J Primatol 3(1):53–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire É (1812) Tableau des quadrumanes, ou des animaux composant le premier ordre de la classe des mammifères. Annls Mus Hist. Nat Paris 19:85–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves CP (1993) Order Primates. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2nd edn. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC, pp 243–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves CP (2001) Primate taxonomy. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Groves CP (2004) The what, why and how of primate taxonomy. Int J Primatol 25(5):1105–1126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Groves CP (2005) Order Primates. In: Wilson DE, Reeder DM (eds) Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference, vol 1, 3rd edn. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 111–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Harada ML, Schneider H, Schneider MPC, Sampaio I, Czelusniak J, Goodman M (1995) DNA evidence on the phylogenetic systematics of New World monkeys: support for the sister-grouping of Cebus and Saimiri from two unlinked nuclear genes. Molec Phylogen Evol 4(3):331–349

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Camacho J, Cooper RW (1976) The non-human primates of Colombia. In: Thorington RW Jr, Heltne PG (eds) Neotropical primates: field studies and conservation. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, pp 35–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1966) On the identification of some marmosets Family Callithricidae (Primates). Mammalia 30(2):327–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1968) Metachromism or the principle of evolutionary change in mammalian tegumentary colors. Evolution 22:556–575

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1975) Comments on the taxonomy of Brazilian marmosets (Callithrix, Callitrichidae). Folia Primatol 24:137–172

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1977) Living New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) with an introduction to primates, vol 1. Chicago University Press, Chicago

    Google Scholar 

  • Hershkovitz P (1982) Subspecies and geographic distribution of black-mantle tamarins Saguinus nigricollis Spix (Primates: Callitrichidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash 95(4):647–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill WCO (1957) Primates: comparative anatomy and taxonomy III. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Hapalidae

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill WCO (1960) Primates: comparative anatomy and taxonomy IV. Cebidae part A. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill WCO (1962) Primates: comparative anatomy and taxonomy V. Cebidae part B. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch A (2003) Avaliação da fragmentação do habitat e seleção de áreas prioritárias para a conservação dos primatas na bacia do rio Doce, Minas Gerais, através da aplicação de um sistema de informações geográficas”. Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Doctoral thesis

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch A, Toledo PP, Brito BFA de, Rylands AB (In preparation) New records enlarge the geographic distribution of Callithrix flaviceps

    Google Scholar 

  • Humboldt [FH]A (1812) Tableau synoptique des singes de l’Amérique. In: Humboldt [F H]A, Bonpland A [JA]. Recueil d’observations de zoologie et d’anatomie comparée, faites dans l’océan Atlantique, dans l’intérieur du nouveau continent et dans la mer du sud pendant les années 1799[–]1803. Premier volume. Deuxième partie. Observations de zoologie et d’anatomie comparée. Schoell and Dufour & Co, Paris, 368pp

    Google Scholar 

  • Izawa K (1975) Foods and feeding behaviour of monkeys in the upper Amazon basin. Primates 16(3):295–316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Izawa K (1979) Studies on the peculiar distribution pattern of Callimico. Kyoto Univ Overseas Res Rep New World Monkeys (1979):23–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Izawa K, Bejarano G (1981) Distribution ranges and patterns of nonhuman primates in western Pando, Bolivia. Kyoto Univ Overseas Res Rep New World Monkeys (1981):1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinzey WG (1982) Distribution of primates and forest refuges. In: Prance GT (ed) Biological diversification in the tropics. Columbia University Press, New York, pp 455–482

    Google Scholar 

  • Leutenegger W (1973) Maternal-fetal weight relationships in primates. Folia Primatol 20:280–294

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leutenegger W (1980) Monogamy in callitrichids: A consequence of phyletic dwarfism? Int J Primatol 1(1):95–98

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lönnberg E (1940) Notes on marmosets. Ark Zool 32A(10):1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Lopes MA, Ferrari SF (1994) Foraging behavior of a tamarin group (Saguinus fuscicollis weddelli) and interactions with marmosets (Callithrix emiliae). Int J Primatol 15(3):373–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopes MA de OA, Rehg JA (2003) Observations of Callimico goeldii with Saguinus imperator in the Serra do Divisor National Park, Acre, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 11(3):181–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Marroig G, Cropp S, Cheverud JM (2004) Systematics and evolution of the Jacchus group of marmosets (Platyrrhini). Am J Phys Anthropol 123:11–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marroig G, Cheverud JM (this volume) Size and shape in callimico and marmoset skulls: allometry and heterochrony in the morphological evolution of small anthropoids. In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York pp 331–353

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin RD (1992) Goeldi and the dwarfs: the evolutionary biology of the small New World monkeys. J Hum Evol 22:367–393

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martins ES, Ayres JM, Valle MBR do (1988) On the status of Ateles belzebuth marginatus with notes on other primates of the Irirí river basin. Primate Conserv (9):87–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes SL (1993) Distribuição geográfica e estado de conservação de Callithrix flaviceps (Primates: Callitrichidae). In: Yamamoto ME, de Sousa MBC (eds) A primatologia no Brasil – 4. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Natal, pp 139–154

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes SL (1997a) Hybridization in free-ranging Callithrix flaviceps and the taxonomy of the Atlantic forest marmosets. Neotrop Primates 5(1):6–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes SL (1997b) Padrões biogeográficas e vocais em Callithrix do Grupo Jacchus (Primates, Callitrichidae). Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Doctoral thesis

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes SL (1997c) Vocalizations in Atlantic forest marmosets, Callithrix. Neotrop Primates 5(4):116–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendes SL, Vielliard JME, De Marco Jr P (this volume) The vocal identity of the Callithrix species (Primates, Callitrichidae). In: Ford SM, Porter LM, Davis LC (eds) The smallest anthropoids: The marmoset/callimico radiation. Springer Press, New York pp 63–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittermeier RA, Coimbra-Filho AF, Constable ID, Rylands AB, Valle CMC (1982) Conservation of primates in the Atlantic forest region of eastern Brazil. Int Zoo Yearb 22:2–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF (1988) Systematics: species and subspecies – an update. In: Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, da Fonseca GAB (eds) Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates, vol 2. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, pp 13–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittermeier RA, Schwarz M, Ayres JM (1992) A new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Rio Maués region, state of Amazonas, Central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia (14): 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Moreira MAM, Almeida CAS, Canavez F, Olicio R, Seuánez HN (1996) Heteroduplex mobility assays (HMAs) and analogous sequence analysis of a cytochrome b region indicate phylogenetic relationships of selected callitrichids. J Hered 87:456–460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Muskin A (1984) Field notes and geographic distribution of Callithrix aurita in eastern Brazil. Am J Primatol 7:377–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Barros RMS, Schwarz M, Muniz JAPC, Mattevi MS (1996) Chromosomal relationships and phylogenetic and clustering analyses on genus Callithrix, group argentata (Callitrichidae, Primates). Cytogenet Cell Genet 72:331–338

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Schwarz M, Barros RMS, Mattevi MS (1997) Comparative chromosomal study of five taxa of genus Callithrix, group Jacchus (Playtrrhini, Primates). Am J Primatol 41(1):53–60

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagamachi CY, Pieczarka JC, Muniz JAPC, Barros RMS, Mattevi MS (1999) Proposed chromosomal phylogeny for the South American primates of the Callitrichidae family (Platyrrhini). Am J Primatol 49:133–152

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Napier PH (1976) Catalogue of the primates in the British Museum (Natural History). Part I. Families Callitrichidae and Cebidae, British Museum (Natural History), London

    Google Scholar 

  • Napier JS, Napier PH (1967) A handbook of living primates. Academic Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Natori M (1986) Interspecific relationships of Callithrix based on dental characters. Primates 27(3):321–336

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natori M (1990) Numerical analysis of the taxonomical status of Callithrix kuhli based on the measurements of the postcanine dentition. Primates 31(4):555–562

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natori M (1994) Craniometrical variations among eastern Brazilian marmosets and their systematic relationships. Primates 35(2):167–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Natori M, Shigehara N (1992) Interspecific differences in lower dentition among eastern Brazilian marmosets. J Mammal 73(3):668–671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Neusser M, Stanyon R, Bigoni F, Wienberg J, Müller S (2001) Molecular cytotaxonomy of New World monkeys (Platyrrhini)–Comparative analysis of five species by multi-color chromosome painting gives evidence for a classification of Callimico goeldii within the family of Callitrichidae. Cytogenet Cell Genet 94(34):206–215

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira L de C, Câmara EMVC, Hirsch A, Paschoal AMO, Alvarenga RM, Belarmino MG (2003) Callithrix geoffroyi (Primates Callitrichidae) and Alouatta caraya (Primates: Atelidae) in the Serra do Cipó National Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 11(2):86–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliver WLR, Santos IB (1991) Threatened endemic mammals of the Atlantic forest region of south-east Brazil. Wildl Preserv Trust Special Scientific Report 4:1–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Olmos F, Martuscelli P (1995) Habitat and distribution of buffy tufted-ear marmoset Callithrix aurita in São Paulo State, Brazil, with notes on its natural history. Neotrop Primates 3(3):75–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Passamani M, Aguiar LMS, Machado R, Figueiredo E (1997) Hybridization between Callithrix geoffroyi and C. penicillata in southeastern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 5(1):9–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Pastorini J, Forstner MRJ, Martin RD, Melnick DJ (1998) A reexamination of the phylogenetic position of Callimico (Primates) incorporating new mitochondrial DNA sequence data. J Molec Evol 47(1):32–41

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paynter RA Jr, Traylor MA Jr (1991) Orinithological gazetteer of Brazil, vol 1, A–M. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Musem of Comparative Zoology

    Google Scholar 

  • Peres CA, Patton JL, da Silva MNF (1996) Riverine barriers and gene flow in Amazonian saddle-back tamarins. Folia Primatol 67(3):113–124

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pimenta FE, Silva JS Jr (2005) An update of the distribution of primates of the Tapajós-Xingu interfluvium, Central Amazonia. Neotrop Primates 13(2):23–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter CA, Czelusniak J, Schneider H, Schneider MPC, Sampaio I, Goodman M (1997) Sequences of the primate epsilon-globin gene: Implications for systematics of the marmosets and other New World primates. Gene 205(1–2):59–71

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger AL (1980) Gradistic views and adaptive radiation of platyrrhine primates. Z. Morph Anthrop 71(2):157–163

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger AL (1981) Systematics: the higher taxa. In: Coimbra-Filho AF, Mittermeier RA (eds) Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates, vol 1. Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Rio de Janeiro, pp 9–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger AL (1984) Aspects of the systematics and evolution of the marmosets. In: de Melo MT (ed) A primatologia no Brasil. Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia, Brasília, pp 159–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger AL, Coimbra-Filho AF (1984) Morphology, taxonomic status and affinities of the lion tamarins, Leontopithecus (Callitrichinae, Cebidae). Folia Primatol 42:149–179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberger AL, Setoguchi T, Shigehara N (1990) The fossil record of callitrichine primates. J Hum Evol 19:209–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Miranda CR, Affonso AG, Martins A, Beck B (2000) Distribuição do sagüi (Callithrix jacchus) nas áreas de ocorrência do mico-leão-dourado (Leontopithecus rosalia) no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Neotrop Primates 8(3):98–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Rylands AB (1984) Exudate-eating and tree-gouging by marmosets (Callitrichidae, Primates). In: Chadwick AC, Sutton SL (eds) Tropical rain forest: The Leeds Symposium. Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, Leeds, UK, pp 155–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Rylands AB (1994) Sagüi-da-serra-escuro, Callithrix aurita (É. Geoffroy, 1812). In: da Fonseca GAB, Rylands AB, Costa CMR, Machado RB, Leite YLR (eds) Livro vermelho dos mamíferos brasileiros ameaçados de extinção. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, pp 47–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Rylands AB, Spironelo WR, Tornisielo VL, Lemos de Sá RM, Kierulff MCM, Santos IB (1988) Primates of the Rio Jequitinhonha valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Primate Conserv (9):100–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, Mittermeier RA (1993) Systematics, distributions, and some notes on the conservation status of the Callitrichidae. In: Rylands AB (ed) Marmosets and tamarins: systematics, behaviour and ecology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 11–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Rylands AB, Schneider H, Langguth A, Mittermeier RA, Groves CP, Rodríguez-Luna E (2000) An assessment of the diversity of New World primates. Neotrop Primates 8(2):61–93

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos CV, Luz KP, Sant’anna FS (2005) As três espécies de primates do gênero Callithrix (C. jacchus, C. penicillata e C. geoffroyi) introduzidos na Ilha de Santa Catarina – SC: a importância de pesquisa na implantação do manejo. In: Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia (ed) Programa e livro de resumos: XI Congresso Brasileiro de Primatologia. Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande Sul, Porto Alegre, 13–18 February, 2005, p 59

    Google Scholar 

  • Santos IB, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Valle C (1987) The distribution and conservation status of primates in southern Bahia, Brazil. Primate Conserv (8):126–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider H, Rosenberger AL (1996) Molecules, morphology, and platyrrhine systematics. In: Norconk MA, Rosenberger AL, Garber PA (eds) Adaptive radiations of neotropical primates. Plenum Press, New York, pp 3–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider H, Schneider MPC, Sampaio I, Harada ML, Stanhope M, Czelusniak J, Goodman M (1993) Molecular phylogeny of the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates). Molec Phylogenet Evol 2(3):225–242

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider H, Sampaio I, Harada ML, Barroso CML, Schneider MPC, Czelusniak J, Goodman M (1996) Molecular phylogeny of the New World monkeys (Platyrrhini, Primates) based on two unlinked nuclear genes: IRBP Intron 1 and epsilon-globin sequences. Am J Phys Anthropol 100:153–179

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sena L, Vallinoto M, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Ferrari SF, Schneider MPC (2002) Mitochondrial COII gene sequences provide new insights into the phylogeny of marmoset species groups (Callitrichidae, Primates). Folia Primatol 73(5):240–251

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seuánez HN, Forman L, Matayoshi T, Fanning TG (1989) The Callimico goeldii (Primates, Platyrrhini) genome: karyology and middle repetitive (LINE-1) DNA sequences. Chromosoma 98:389–395

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Silva Jr JS (1999) Novos dados sobre ocorrências e uso de habitat pelo sagüi-do-nordeste, Callithrix jacchus (Primates: Callitrichidae). In: Sociedade Brasileira de Primatologia (ed) Livro de resumos: IX Congresso Brasileiro de Primatologia. Museu de Biologia Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, 25–30 July 1999, p 77

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva Jr JS, Noronha M de A (1995) A new record for Callithrix mauesi Mittermeier, Schwarz and Ayres, 1992. Neotrop Primates 3(3):79–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva Jr JS, Noronha M de A (1996) Discovery of a new species of marmoset in the Brazilian Amazon. Neotrop Primates 4(2):58–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Silva Jr JS, Noronha M de A (1998) On a new species of bare-eared marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777, from central Amazonia, Brazil (Primates: Callitrichidae). Goeldiana Zoologia (21):1–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson GG (1945) The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 85:1–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Soini P (1988) The pygmy marmoset, genus Cebuella. In: Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB, Coimbra-Filho AF, da Fonseca GAB (eds) Ecology and behavior of neotropical primates, vol 2. World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC, pp 79–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Spix J (1823) Simiarum et Vespertilionum Brasiliensium species novae ou Histoire Naturelle des Espèces Nouvelles de Singes et de Chauves-souris observées et recueillies pendant le voyage dans l’intérieur du Brésil. Typis Francisci Seraphici Hubschmanni, Monachii

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallings JR (1985) Distribution and status of primates in Paraguay. Primate Conserv (6):51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stallings JR, Mittermeier RA (1983) The black-tailed marmoset (Callithrix argentata melanura) recorded from Paraguay. Am J Primatol 4(2):159–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tagliaro CH, Schneider MPC, Schneider H, Sampaio IC, Stanhope MJ (1997) Marmoset phylogenetics, conservation perspectives, and evolution of the mtDNA control region. Mol Biol Evol 14(6):674–684

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tagliaro CH, Schneider MPC, Schneider H, Sampaio IC, Stanhope MJ (2001) Molecular studies of Callithrix pygmaea (Primates, Platyrrhini) based on Transferrin intronic and ND1 regions: implications for taxonomy and conservation. Genet Mol Biol 23(4):729–737

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas O (1904) New Callithrix, Midas, Felis, Rhipidomys, and Proechimys from Brazil and Ecuador. Ann Mag Nat Hist 14(7):188–196

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas O (1911) The mammals of the tenth edition of Linnaeus: An attempt to fix the types of the genera and the exact bases and localities of the species. Proc Zool Soc Lond 1911:20–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas O (1920) On mammals from the lower Rio Amazonas in the Goeldi Museum, Pará. Ann Mag Nat Hist 9(6):266–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas O (1922) On the systematic arrangement of the marmosets. Ann Mag Nat Hist 9(9):196–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roosmalen MGM, Van Roosmalen T (1997) An eastern extension of the geographical range of the pygmy marmoset, Cebuella pygmaea. Neotrop Primates 5(1):3–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roosmalen MGM, Van Roosmalen T (2003) The description of a new marmoset genus, Callibella (Callitrichinae, Primates), including its molecular phylogenetic status. Neotrop Primates 11(1):1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roosmalen MGM, Van Roosmalen T, Mittermeier RA, Fonseca GAB (1998) A new and distinctive species of marmoset (Callitrichidae, Primates) from the lower Rio Aripuanã, state of Amazonas, central Brazilian Amazonia. Goeldiana Zoologia 22:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Roosmalen MGM, Van Roosmalen T, Mittermeier RA, Rylands AB (2000) Two new species of marmoset, genus Callithrix Erxleben, 1777 (Callitrichidae, Primates), from the Tapajós/Madeira interfluvium, south central Amazonia, Brazil. Neotrop Primates 8(1):2–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanzolini PE, Papavero N (1968) Índice dos topônimos contidos na carta do Brasil 1: 1 000 000 do IBGE [Fundação Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística]. Fundação de Ampáro à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), São Paulo [Preface dated December 1967]

    Google Scholar 

  • Vàsàrhelyi K (2002) The nature of relationships among founders in the captive population of Goeldi’s monkey (Callimico goeldii). Evol Anthropol 11(suppl 1):155–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vieira C da C (1944) Os símios do estado de São Paulo. Pap Avuls. Dept Zool Sec Agric S Paulo 4:1–31

    Google Scholar 

  • Wied-Neuwied M (1826) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte von Brasilien, vol. 2. Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs, Weimar, p 620

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

ABR is most grateful to Susan Ford, Lesa Davis and Leila Porter for their invitation to participate in the symposium “Advances in Marmoset and Goeldi’s Monkey (Callimico) Research: Anatomy, Behavioral Ecology, Phylogeny, and Conservation,” during the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, 6–9 April 2005. Our thanks are also due to Kimberly Meek, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, for drawing the maps.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International, 1919 M Street NW, Washington, DC, 20036, USA

    Anthony B. Rylands

Authors
  1. Anthony B. Rylands
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Adelmar F. Coimbra-Filho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Russell A. Mittermeier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anthony B. Rylands .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA

    Susan M. Ford

  2. Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA

    Leila M. Porter

  3. Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL, USA

    Lesa C. Davis

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Rylands, A.B., Coimbra-Filho, A.F., Mittermeier, R.A. (2009). The Systematics and Distributions of the Marmosets (Callithrix, Callibella, Cebuella, and Mico) and Callimico (Callimico) (Callitrichidae, Primates). In: Ford, S.M., Porter, L.M., Davis, L.C. (eds) The Smallest Anthropoids. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0293-1_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation