Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

New Strategies to Improve Tumor Cell Vaccine Therapy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Targeted Cancer Immune Therapy

  • 614 Accesses

Abstract

The advantage of using a tumor cell vaccine is that it is rich in multiple tumor-associated antigens. The immune responses to those antigens are elicited by most of current tumor cell vaccines that are transduced with immunostimulatory cytokines or costimulatory molecules. However, the lack of long-lasting and objective tumor regression in clinical trials prompted reevaluation of the immunogenicity of tumor cell vaccines and the molecular basis of the immune responses they induced. New vectors for the genetic modification of tumor cell vaccines to improve immunogenicity have been developed. The identification of negative regulators during vaccination has lead to the discovery of new reagents to specifically target regulatory cells or molecules to improve the efficacy of these vaccines. On the basis of their enhancing effects during the cross-priming of CD8 T cells, toll-like receptor ligands have been used in the modification of tumor cells to improve their immunogenicity. Therefore, the endeavors in developing new tumor cell vaccines not only extend our knowledge about the tumor-reactive immunity but also promise an effective treatment regimen in human cancers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Boon, T., Van Pel, A., and De Plaen, E. (1989) Cancer Cells 1, 25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Dunn, G. P., Bruce, A. T., Ikeda, H., Old, L. J., and Schreiber, R. D. (2002) Nat Immunol 3, 991

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Koebel, C. M., Vermi, W., Swann, J. B., Zerafa, N., Rodig, S. J., Old, L. J., Smyth, M. J., and Schreiber, R. D. (2007) Nature 450, 903

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Gilboa, E. (1999) Immunity 11, 263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Lewis, J. J. (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101 Suppl 2, 14653

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Parmiani, G., De Filippo, A., Novellino, L., and Castelli, C. (2007) J Immunol 178, 1975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Thurner, B., Haendle, I., Roder, C., Dieckmann, D., Keikavoussi, P., Jonuleit, H., Bender, A., Maczek, C., Schreiner, D., von den Driesch, P., Brocker, E. B., Steinman, R. M., Enk, A., Kampgen, E., and Schuler, G. (1999) J Exp Med 190, 1669

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Banchereau, J., Palucka, A. K., Dhodapkar, M., Burkeholder, S., Taquet, N., Rolland, A., Taquet, S., Coquery, S., Wittkowski, K. M., Bhardwaj, N., Pineiro, L., Steinman, R., and Fay, J. (2001) Cancer Res 61, 6451

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hung, K., Hayashi, R., Lafond-Walker, A., Lowenstein, C., Pardoll, D., and Levitsky, H. (1998) J Exp Med 188, 2357

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Bennett, S. R., Carbone, F. R., Karamalis, F., Miller, J. F., and Heath, W. R. (1997) J Exp Med 186, 65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hamilton, S. E., Wolkers, M. C., Schoenberger, S. P., and Jameson, S. C. (2006) Nat Immunol 7, 475

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Williams, M. A., Tyznik, A. J., and Bevan, M. J. (2006) Nature 441, 890

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Pages, F., Berger, A., Camus, M., Sanchez-Cabo, F., Costes, A., Molidor, R., Mlecnik, B., Kirilovsky, A., Nilsson, M., Damotte, D., Meatchi, T., Bruneval, P., Cugnenc, P. H., Trajanoski, Z., Fridman, W. H., and Galon, J. (2005) N Engl J Med 353, 2654

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Zang, X., and Allison, J. P. (2007) Clin Cancer Res 13, 5271

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Chen, L., Ashe, S., Brady, W. A., Hellstrom, I., Hellstrom, K. E., Ledbetter, J. A., McGowan, P., and Linsley, P. S. (1992) Cell 71, 1093

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang, S., Darrow, T. L., and Seigler, H. F. (1997) Cancer Res 57, 1561

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Mazzocchi, A., Melani, C., Rivoltini, L., Castelli, C., Del Vecchio, M., Lombardo, C., Colombo, M. P., and Parmiani, G. (2001) Cancer Immunol Immunother 50, 199

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Fishman, M., Hunter, T. B., Soliman, H., Thompson, P., Dunn, M., Smilee, R., Farmelo, M. J., Noyes, D. R., Mahany, J. J., Lee, J. H., Cantor, A., Messina, J., Seigne, J., Pow-Sang, J., Janssen, W., and Antonia, S. J. (2008) J Immunother 31, 72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Antonia, S. J., Seigne, J., Diaz, J., Muro-Cacho, C., Extermann, M., Farmelo, M. J., Friberg, M., Alsarraj, M., Mahany, J. J., Pow-Sang, J., Cantor, A., and Janssen, W. (2002) J Urol 167, 1995

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hege, K. M., Jooss, K., and Pardoll, D. (2006) Int Rev Immunol 25, 321

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Nemunaitis, J., Jahan, T., Ross, H., Sterman, D., Richards, D., Fox, B., Jablons, D., Aimi, J., Lin, A., and Hege, K. (2006) Cancer Gene Ther 13, 555

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Tani, K., Azuma, M., Nakazaki, Y., Oyaizu, N., Hase, H., Ohata, J., Takahashi, K., OiwaMonna, M., Hanazawa, K., Wakumoto, Y., Kawai, K., Noguchi, M., Soda, Y., Kunisaki, R., Watari, K., Takahashi, S., Machida, U., Satoh, N., Tojo, A., Maekawa, T., Eriguchi, M., Tomikawa, S., Tahara, H., Inoue, Y., Yoshikawa, H., Yamada, Y., Iwamoto, A., Hamada, H., Yamashita, N., Okumura, K., Kakizoe, T., Akaza, H., Fujime, M., Clift, S., Ando, D., Mulligan, R., and Asano, S. (2004) Mol Ther 10, 799

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Boon, T., and van der Bruggen, P. (1996) J Exp Med 183, 725

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang, A. Y., Golumbek, P., Ahmadzadeh, M., Jaffee, E., Pardoll, D., and Levitsky, H. (1994) Science 264, 961

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pardoll, D. M. (1998) Nat Med 4, 525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kono, H., and Rock, K. L. (2008) Nat Rev Immunol 8, 279

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosenberg, S. A., Sherry, R. M., Morton, K. E., Scharfman, W. J., Yang, J. C., Topalian, S. L., Royal, R. E., Kammula, U., Restifo, N. P., Hughes, M. S., Schwartzentruber, D., Berman, D. M., Schwarz, S. L., Ngo, L. T., Mavroukakis, S. A., White, D. E., and Steinberg, S. M. (2005) J Immunol 175, 6169

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Jaffee, E. M., Hruban, R. H., Biedrzycki, B., Laheru, D., Schepers, K., Sauter, P. R., Goemann, M., Coleman, J., Grochow, L., Donehower, R. C., Lillemoe, K. D., O’Reilly, S., Abrams, R. A., Pardoll, D. M., Cameron, J. L., and Yeo, C. J. (2001) J Clin Oncol 19, 145

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Morton, D. L. (2004) Dev Biol (Basel) 116, 209

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Soiffer, R., Lynch, T., Mihm, M., Jung, K., Rhuda, C., Schmollinger, J. C., Hodi, F. S., Liebster, L., Lam, P., Mentzer, S., Singer, S., Tanabe, K. K., Cosimi, A. B., Duda, R., Sober, A., Bhan, A., Daley, J., Neuberg, D., Parry, G., Rokovich, J., Richards, L., Drayer, J., Berns, A., Clift, S., Cohen, L. K., Mulligan, R. C., and Dranoff, G. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 13141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Salgia, R., Lynch, T., Skarin, A., Lucca, J., Lynch, C., Jung, K., Hodi, F. S., Jaklitsch, M., Mentzer, S., Swanson, S., Lukanich, J., Bueno, R., Wain, J., Mathisen, D., Wright, C., Fidias, P., Donahue, D., Clift, S., Hardy, S., Neuberg, D., Mulligan, R., Webb, I., Sugarbaker, D., Mihm, M., and Dranoff, G. (2003) J Clin Oncol 21, 624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Borysiewicz, L. K., Fiander, A., Nimako, M., Man, S., Wilkinson, G. W., Westmoreland, D., Evans, A. S., Adams, M., Stacey, S. N., Boursnell, M. E., Rutherford, E., Hickling, J. K., and Inglis, S. C. (1996) Lancet 347, 1523

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. McAneny, D., Ryan, C. A., Beazley, R. M., and Kaufman, H. L. (1996) Ann Surg Oncol 3, 495

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Mathis, J. M., Stoff-Khalili, M. A., and Curiel, D. T. (2005) Oncogene 24, 7775

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Daemen, T., Regts, J., Holtrop, M., and Wilschut, J. (2002) Gene Ther 9, 85

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Asselin-Paturel, C., Lassau, N., Guinebretiere, J. M., Zhang, J., Gay, F., Bex, F., Hallez, S., Leclere, J., Peronneau, P., Mami-Chouaib, F., and Chouaib, S. (1999) Gene Ther 6, 606

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Tseng, J. C., Hurtado, A., Yee, H., Levin, B., Boivin, C., Benet, M., Blank, S. V., Pellicer, A., and Meruelo, D. (2004) Cancer Res 64, 6684

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Klimp, A. H., van der Vaart, E., Lansink, P. O., Withoff, S., de Vries, E. G., Scherphof, G. L., Wilschut, J., and Daemen, T. (2001) Gene Ther 8, 300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Nelson, E. L., Prieto, D., Alexander, T. G., Pushko, P., Lofts, L. A., Rayner, J. O., Kamrud, K. I., Fralish, B., and Smith, J. F. (2003) Breast Cancer Res Treat 82, 169

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Karcher, J., Dyckhoff, G., Beckhove, P., Reisser, C., Brysch, M., Ziouta, Y., Helmke, B. H., Weidauer, H., Schirrmacher, V., and Herold-Mende, C. (2004) Cancer Res 64, 8057

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Krishnamurthy, S., Huang, Z., and Samal, S. K. (2000) Virology 278, 168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Huang, Z., Krishnamurthy, S., Panda, A., and Samal, S. K. (2001) J Gen Virol 82, 1729

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Toda, M., Martuza, R. L., Kojima, H., and Rabkin, S. D. (1998) J Immunol 160 4457

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Parkinson, R. J., Mian, S., Bishop, M. C., Gray, T., Li, G., McArdle, S. E., Ali, S., and Rees, R. C. (2003) Prostate 56, 65

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Saeki, Y., Ichikawa, T., Saeki, A., Chiocca, E. A., Tobler, K., Ackermann, M., Breakefield, X. O., and Fraefel, C. (1998) Hum Gene Ther 9, 2787

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Simons, J. W., Mikhak, B., Chang, J. F., DeMarzo, A. M., Carducci, M. A., Lim, M., Weber, C. E., Baccala, A. A., Goemann, M. A., Clift, S. M., Ando, D. G., Levitsky, H. I., Cohen, L. K., Sanda, M. G., Mulligan, R. C., Partin, A. W., Carter, H. B., Piantadosi, S., Marshall, F. F., and Nelson, W. G. (1999) Cancer Res 59, 5160

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Maio, M., Fonsatti, E., Lamaj, E., Altomonte, M., Cattarossi, I., Santantonio, C., Melani, C., Belli, F., Arienti, F., Colombo, M. P., and Parmiani, G. (2002) Cancer Immunol Immunother 51, 9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Qiao, J., Moreno, J., Sanchez-Perez, L., Kottke, T., Thompson, J., Caruso, M., Diaz, R. M., and Vile, R. (2006) Gene Ther 13, 1457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Logg, C. R., Tai, C. K., Logg, A., Anderson, W. F., and Kasahara, N. (2001) Hum Gene Ther 12, 921

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. den Haan, J. M., Lehar, S. M., and Bevan, M. J. (2000) J Exp Med 192, 1685

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Belz, G. T., Behrens, G. M., Smith, C. M., Miller, J. F., Jones, C., Lejon, K., Fathman, C. G., Mueller, S. N., Shortman, K., Carbone, F. R., and Heath, W. R. (2002) J Exp Med 196, 1099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Hahne, M., Rimoldi, D., Schroter, M., Romero, P., Schreier, M., French, L. E., Schneider, P., Bornand, T., Fontana, A., Lienard, D., Cerottini, J., and Tschopp, J. (1996) Science 274, 1363

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Dong, H., Strome, S. E., Salomao, D. R., Tamura, H., Hirano, F., Flies, D. B., Roche, P. C., Lu, J., Zhu, G., Tamada, K., Lennon, V. A., Celis, E., and Chen, L. (2002) Nat Med 8, 793

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Le Bon, A., Etchart, N., Rossmann, C., Ashton, M., Hou, S., Gewert, D., Borrow, P., and Tough, D. F. (2003) Nat Immunol 4, 1009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tough, D. F., Borrow, P., and Sprent, J. (1996) Science 272, 1947

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Datta, S. K., Redecke, V., Prilliman, K. R., Takabayashi, K., Corr, M., Tallant, T., DiDonato, J., Dziarski, R., Akira, S., Schoenberger, S. P., and Raz, E. (2003) J Immunol 170, 4102

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Schulz, O., Diebold, S. S., Chen, M., Naslund, T. I., Nolte, M. A., Alexopoulou, L., Azuma, Y. T., Flavell, R. A., Liljestrom, P., and Reis e Sousa, C. (2005) Nature 433, 887

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Kolumam, G. A., Thomas, S., Thompson, L. J., Sprent, J., and Murali-Krishna, K. (2005) J Exp Med 202, 637

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. McBride, S., Hoebe, K., Georgel, P., and Janssen, E. (2006) J Immunol 177, 6122

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Thomas, A. M., Santarsiero, L. M., Lutz, E. R., Armstrong, T. D., Chen, Y. C., Huang, L. Q., Laheru, D. A., Goggins, M., Hruban, R. H., and Jaffee, E. M. (2004) J Exp Med 200, 297

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Eguchi, J., Kuwashima, N., Hatano, M., Nishimura, F., Dusak, J. E., Storkus, W. J., and Okada, H. (2005) J Immunol 174, 7194

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Berard, F., Blanco, P., Davoust, J., Neidhart-Berard, E. M., Nouri-Shirazi, M., Taquet, N., Rimoldi, D., Cerottini, J. C., Banchereau, J., and Palucka, A. K. (2000) J Exp Med 192, 1535

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Kang, S. M., Beverly, B., Tran, A. C., Brorson, K., Schwartz, R. H., and Lenardo, M. J. (1992) Science 257, 1134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Townsend, S. E., and Allison, J. P. (1993) Science 259, 368

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Ashwell, J. D., DeFranco, A. L., Paul, W. E., and Schwartz, R. H. (1984) J Exp Med 159, 881

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Schultze, J. L., Cardoso, A. A., Freeman, G. J., Seamon, M. J., Daley, J., Pinkus, G. S., Gribben, J. G., and Nadler, L. M. (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92, 8200

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Leach, D. R., Krummel, M. F., and Allison, J. P. (1996) Science 271, 1734

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Hodi, F. S., Butler, M., Oble, D. A., Seiden, M. V., Haluska, F. G., Kruse, A., Macrae, S., Nelson, M., Canning, C., Lowy, I., Korman, A., Lautz, D., Russell, S., Jaklitsch, M. T., Ramaiya, N., Chen, T. C., Neuberg, D., Allison, J. P., Mihm, M. C., and Dranoff, G. (2008) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105, 3005

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Krummel, M. F., and Allison, J. P. (1996) J Exp Med 183, 2533

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Walunas, T. L., Bakker, C. Y., and Bluestone, J. A. (1996) J Exp Med 183, 2541

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Hurwitz, A. A., Yu, T. F., Leach, D. R., and Allison, J. P. (1998) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 10067

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. van Elsas, A., Hurwitz, A. A., and Allison, J. P. (1999) J Exp Med 190, 355

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Gregor, P. D., Wolchok, J. D., Ferrone, C. R., Buchinshky, H., Guevara-Patino, J. A., Perales, M. A., Mortazavi, F., Bacich, D., Heston, W., Latouche, J. B., Sadelain, M., Allison, J. P., Scher, H. I., and Houghton, A. N. (2004) Vaccine 22, 1700

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Egen, J. G., and Allison, J. P. (2002) Immunity 16, 23

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. D’Souza, S., Rimoldi, D., Lienard, D., Lejeune, F., Cerottini, J. C., and Romero, P. (1998) Int J Cancer 78, 699.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Choi, C., Witzens, M., Bucur, M., Feuerer, M., Sommerfeldt, N., Trojan, A., Ho, A., Schirrmacher, V., Goldschmidt, H., and Beckhove, P. (2005) Blood, 105, 2132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Feuerer, M., Beckhove, P., Bai, L., Solomayer, E. F., Bastert, G., Diel, I. J., Pedain, C., Oberniedermayr, M., Schirrmacher, V., and Umansky, V. (2001) Nat Med 7, 452

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Klebanoff, C. A., Gattinoni, L., and Restifo, N. P. (2006) Immunol Rev 211, 214

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Webster, W. S., Thompson, R. H., Harris, K. J., Frigola, X., Kuntz, S., Inman, B. A., and Dong, H. (2007) J Immunol 179, 2860

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Kursar, M., Bonhagen, K., Fensterle, J., Kohler, A., Hurwitz, R., Kamradt, T., Kaufmann, S. H., and Mittrucker, H. W. (2002) J Exp Med 196, 1585

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Murakami, M., Sakamoto, A., Bender, J., Kappler, J., and Marrack, P. (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99, 8832

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sakaguchi, S. (2005) Nat Immunol 6, 345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Nanni, P., Nicoletti, G., Palladini, A., Croci, S., Murgo, A., Antognoli, A., Landuzzi, L., Fabbi, M., Ferrini, S., Musiani, P., Iezzi, M., De Giovanni, C., and Lollini, P. L. (2007) Cancer Res 67, 11037

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Zou, W. (2005) Nat Rev Cancer 5, 263

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Shimizu, J., Yamazaki, S., and Sakaguchi, S. (1999) J Immunol 163, 5211

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Turk, M. J., Guevara-Patino, J. A., Rizzuto, G. A., Engelhorn, M. E., Sakaguchi, S., and Houghton, A. N. (2004) J Exp Med 200, 771

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Curiel, T. J., Coukos, G., Zou, L., Alvarez, X., Cheng, P., Mottram, P., Evdemon-Hogan, M., J. R., C.-G., Zhang, L., Burow, M., Zhu, Y., Wei, S., Kryczek, I., Daniel, B., Gordon, A., Myers, L., Lackner, A., Disis, M. L., Knutson, K. L., Chen, L., and Zou, W. (2004) Nat Med 10, 942

    Google Scholar 

  88. Zhou, G., Drake, C. G., and Levitsky, H. I. (2006) Blood 107, 628

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Urology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA

    Jian Qiao & Haidong Dong

Authors
  1. Jian Qiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Haidong Dong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Haidong Dong .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Altman Row 10835, San Diego, 92121, U.S.A.

    Joseph Lustgarten

  2. Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, Bolivar Street 533, New Orleans, 70112, U.S.A.

    Yan Cui

  3. School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Skip Bertman Drive, Baton Rouge, 70803, U.S.A.

    Shulin Li

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Qiao, J., Dong, H. (2009). New Strategies to Improve Tumor Cell Vaccine Therapy. In: Lustgarten, J., Cui, Y., Li, S. (eds) Targeted Cancer Immune Therapy. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0170-5_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation