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Development of the Auditory Cortex

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The Auditory Cortex

Abstract

Neuronal development is a progressive series of constructive and reductive events including division of progenitors, their accretion at specific locations, differentiation into neuronal and glial subtypes, and circuit refinement. The final goal is to establish adaptive neuronal circuits controlling the behavior of the organism. The complex architecture of the adult auditory cortex (AC) is thus the consequence of many developmental processes taking place prenatally and postnatally. The end of the developmental period is traditionally defined by sexual maturity; however, substantial adaptations in cortical circuitry continue throughout life. We identify some rules applicable to cortical development in general and to AC in particular, concentrating on the species most common in hearing research. We build on comparative reviews on the structural and functional development of the auditory system (Payne 1992; Cant 1998; Sanes and Walsh 1998; Romand 1997; Yan 2003). We also consider studies on the AC structural and functional plasticity during development. Studies on adult plasticity are beyond the scope of this analysis.

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Abbreviations

AC:

auditory cortex

AI:

primary auditory cortex

AMPA:

a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-4-propionic acid

BMP:

bone morphogenetic protein

EI:

excitatory–inhibitory

EPSP:

excitatory postsynaptic potential

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

IC:

inferior colliculus

IPSP:

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

LTD:

long-term depression

LTP:

long-term potentiation

MGB:

medial geniculate body

MMN:

mismatch negativity

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartic acid

PSP:

postsynaptic potential

TCA:

thalamocortical afferents

VI:

primary visual cortex

VZ:

ventricular zone

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Acknowledgments

Space limitations preclude more complete citations of the primary literature; as an alternative, reference to comprehensive reviews was often made. Supported by: grants from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Germany) and the National Institutes of Health (USA) (A.K.); and by the Deafness Research Foundation, Fight for Sight, Whitehall Foundation, National Science Foundation, and the National Institutes of Health (USA) (S.L.P.).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Audioneurotechnology and Department of Experimental Otology, ENT Clinics, Medical University Hannover, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 35, D-30625, Hanover, Germany

    Andrej Kral

  2. Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302-5030, USA

    Sarah L. Pallas

Authors
  1. Andrej Kral
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  2. Sarah L. Pallas
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Correspondence to Andrej Kral or Sarah L. Pallas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, 94720-3200, California, USA

    Jeffery A. Winer

  2. WM Keck Foundation Center for, Integrative Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0732, Room HSE 824, San Francisco, 94143-0732, California, USA

    Christoph E. Schreiner

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Kral, A., Pallas, S.L. (2011). Development of the Auditory Cortex. In: Winer, J., Schreiner, C. (eds) The Auditory Cortex. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0074-6_21

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