There is clearly an enormous difference between NI applications and the general use of computers in the neurosciences. NI is much more than a simple extension of general computing. NI applications by definition constitute digital systems for active information-seeking, problem-solving, and modeling, generally based on strong theoretical frameworks.
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Notes
- 1.
The author’s descriptions of all examples in this section have been reviewed by the primary researcher/s associated with the examples. Appreciation is expressed in the Acknowledgements
- 2.
The model has also been advocated (Pinker 1994) as the neural basis of Chomsky’s (1957) Generative-Transformational model of language. In this context, its shortcomings have been described from the standpoint of evolutionary neurobiology of language (Deacon 1997; Lieberman 2002, and see Aboitiz and Garcia 1997).
- 3.
DIVA has been described with immense mathematical and neuroanatomical substantiation and is best appreciated when viewed against its mathematical and theoretical backing. For these details, see especially Guenther (1995), Guenther et al. (1998), and Guenther et al. (2006).
- 4.
The case of Erik Ramsey and the DIVA-inspired electrode signal decoding of his premotor speech neural signals has already received much attention in the popular media (for example, New Scientist, July 9, 2008; CNN, December 14, 2007). A major collaborator on the project has been Dr. Philip Kennedy at Neural Signals, Inc. in Atlanta, Georgia.
- 5.
The Notes database is a non-relational database. A data object or “note” may consist of any number or type of data fields, and the database can hold any number of these notes. Because the database header and note header contain certain kinds of information, a user can search multiple Notes databases at the same time. This structure is advantageous for the efficient storage of diverse data types in the same database. Lotus Domino is a very flexible server application that can be used with a variety of Lotus Notes applications.
- 6.
There are now also other computer-based tools available for transcription of multimedia data (e.g., Elan; URL: http://www.lat-mpi.eu/tools/elan/).
- 7.
Webfit is a project of the Language Production Laboratory at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
- 8.
WordNet is based at the Cognitive Science Laboratory at Princeton University.
URL: http://wordnet.princeton.edu
WordNet: An Eletronic Lexical Database (Fellbaum 1998) is a written guide to the online tool.
- 9.
The Latent Semantic Analysis project is based at the University of Colorado at Boulder
URL: http://lsa.colorado.edu/
See also the Handbook of Latent Semantic Analysis (Landauer et al. 2007)
- 10.
See for example, Spitzer et al. (1975); Spitzer et al. (1980); Williams & Spitzer (1982); Klerman et al. (1984); Sadler et al. (1994).
- 11.
The references cited, Bilder 2008b,c, refer to Robert Bilder’s 97 slides presented at the conference and the audio recording of the lecture, respectively.
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Jagaroo, V. (2009). Neuroinformatics for Neuropsychology. In: Neuroinformatics for Neuropsychology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0060-9_3
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