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Anisotropy and Magnetoelastic Properties

  • Gerald F. DionneEmail author
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Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss the local origins of the two measurable macroscopic effects that occur from interactions between the ionic magnetic moments and the lattices in which they reside: magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetostriction. In the preceding chapters, the focus has been on the molecular origin of the magnetic moments in crystal lattices. For the 3d n transition group in particular, the disposition of spin alignments as determined by covalent-induced superexchange and the randomizing effect of temperature has been reviewed. The spin system is also influenced by geometrical shape of the specimen in which it resides (described in  Chap. 1) and the symmetry of the lattice itself and its elastic properties, each of which contribute to the anisotropy that influences the magnetization process and other magnetic properties. In addition, large anisotropic magnetic effects can result from asymmetry of the local crystal fields and their interactions with magnetoelastic cations. In this sense, magnetoelasticity refers to the coupling between the magnetic moment of the cation and local crystal field of the anion coordination. All of these mechanisms, however, involve interaction between the spins and the elastic properties of the lattice, which can be collective, as in the case of dipole–dipole interactions in fixed array of lattice sites, or individual through orbital angular momentum coupling to the crystal field. The conventional macroscopic phenomenological model is presented later in this chapter, but it is the molecular origins of these properties where our initial attention will be focused.

Following the context established by the preceding chapters, we begin by examining the local origins of the local anisotropy. In particular, self-induced anisotropy in the form of crystal-field distortions derived from spin–orbit coupling and the Jahn–Teller effect will be emphasized. The underlying physics is reviewed first through the properties of individual ions. With the single-ion concepts in hand, we then examine the ions in an exchange-coupled ferromagnet (or ferrimagnet) to determine how the macroscopic anisotropy and magnetostriction effects influence the collective magnetization statically, and then dynamically in  Chap. 6.

Keywords

Crystal Field Octahedral Site Orbital Angular Momentum Orbit Coupling Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyLexingtonUSA

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