Abstract
With the rapid evolution of web services and technologies, the number of Internet users is constantly increasing. Since many people suffer from various temporary or permanent disabilities and deficiencies, advanced web development practices should be applied to provide content that is accessible for all. The importance of web accessibility is being recognized by an increasing number of web designers and developers. W3C provides useful guidelines to ensure content accessibility. The accessibility support implemented in modern software tools and web sites should be clearly indicated so people living with disabilities can easily identify them. HTML5 markup also supports accessibility through advanced structuring elements, metadata, and Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIAs). Web accessibility techniques are not limited to the visually impaired or people with other disabilities. In fact, they also ease mobile access to web content and improve overall web page quality.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
AustLII (1992) Disability Discrimination Act. Australasian Legal Information Institute. www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/dda1992264/. Accessed 06 January 2011
Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas (2005) Disability Act. The National Parliament of Ireland. www.oireachtas.ie/documents/bills28/acts/2005/a1405.pdf. Accessed 06 January 2011
OPSI (1995) Disability Discrimination Act. The UK Statue Law Database. www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=3330327. Accessed 06 January 2011
U.S. Access Board (2010) Section 508 Homepage: Electronic and Information Technology. United States Access Board. www.access-board.gov/508.htm. Accessed 06 January 2011
Henry SL (ed) (2011) Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI). World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/. Accessed 04 February 2011
W3C (1997) World Wide Web Consortium Launches International Program Office for Web Accessibility Initiative. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/Press/IPO-announce. Accessed 14 October 2010
Régis J, Morrison A, Touré H (2010) World Standards Day Message. International Organization for Standardization. www.iso.org/iso/wsd2010/wsd2010_message.htm. Accessed 14 October 2010
Paciello MG (2000) Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities. CMP Books, Lawrence
Henry SL, McGee L (eds) (2010) Accessibility. In: Web Design and Applications. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/accessibility. Accessed 14 October 2010
Richards J, Spellman J, Treviranus J, May M (eds) (2010) Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/ATAG20/. Accessed 02 February 2011
Allan J, Ford K, Richards J, Spellman J (eds) (2010) User Agent Accessibility Guidelines (UAAG) 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/UAAG20/. Accessed 02 February 2011
Abou-Zahra S, Squillace M (eds) (2009) Evaluation and Report Language (EARL) 1.0 Schema. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/EARL10-Schema/. Accessed 02 February 2011
Henry SL (ed) (2011) The WAI-ARIA Documents. In: WAI-ARIA Overview. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria.php#is. Accessed 09 September 2011
Craig J, Cooper M, Pappas L, Schwerdtfeger R, Seeman L (2011) Accessible Rich Internet Applications (WAI-ARIA) 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/. Accessed 02 February 2011
Pappas L, Schwerdtfeger R, Cooper M (2010) WAI-ARIA 1.0 Primer — An introduction to rich Internet application accessibility challenges and solutions. www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-primer/. Accessed 09 September 2011
Scheuhammer J, Cooper M (2010) WAI-ARIA 1.0 Authoring Practices — An author’s guide to understanding and implementing Accessible Rich Internet Applications. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-practices/. Accessed 09 September 2011
Snow-Weaver A, Cooper M (2010) WAI-ARIA 1.0 User Agent Implementation Guide — A user agent developer’s guide to understanding and implementing Accessible Rich Internet Applications. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria-implementation/. Accessed 09 September 2011
Bulterman D, Jansen J, Cesar P, Mullender S, Hyche E, DeMeglio M, Quint J, Kawamura H, Weck D, Paeñda XG, Melendi D, Cruz-Lara S, Hanclik M, Zucker DF, Michel T (eds) (2008) Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 3.0). W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/SMIL/. Accessed 13 September 2011
Adams G (ed) (2010) Timed Text Markup Language (TTML) 1.0. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/ttaf1-dfxp/. Accessed 13 September 2011
Chisholm W, Vanderheiden G, Jacobs I (eds) (1999) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. World Wide web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/. Accessed 24 January 2011
Caldwell B, Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Chisholm W, Slatin J, White J (eds) (2008) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/. Accessed 25 January 2011
Vanderheiden G, Reid LG, Caldwell B, Henry SL, Lemon G (eds) (2010) How to Meet WCAG 2.0. A customizable quick reference to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 requirements (success criteria) and techniques. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/. Accessed 14 January 2011
Vanderheiden G, Reid LG, Caldwell B, Henry SL (2008) How to meet WCAG 2.0. A customizable quick reference to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 requirements (success criteria) and techniques. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/20081211/. Accessed 23 September 2010
Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Caldwell B, Chisholm W, Slatin J (eds) (2010) Techniques for WCAG 2.0. Techniques and Failures for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/. Accessed 24 January 2011
Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Caldwell B, Chisholm W, Slatin J (eds) (2010) Appendix A. How to refer to WCAG 2.0 from other documents. In: Understanding WCAG 2.0. A guide to understanding and implementing Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/appendixA.html. Accessed 02 February 2011
Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Caldwell B (eds) (2010) Section Headings: Understanding SC 2.4.10. In: Understanding WCAG 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium.www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/navigation-mechanisms-headings.html. Accessed 10 September 2011
Abou-Zahra S et al (eds) (2005) Conformance Evaluation of Web Sites for Accessibility. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/eval/conformance.html. Accessed 02 February 2011
WebsynergiDesign (2011) Accessibility — Our Experience & Accessible web site Design Portfolio. WebsynergiDesign Ltd. www.websynergi.com/accessibility/accessibility-bobby-w3c.aspx. Accessed 10 September 2011
Caldwell B, Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G (eds) (2008) Relative luminance. In: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. W3C Recommendation. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-WCAG20-20081211/#relativeluminancedef. Accessed 11 September 2011
WebAIM (2011) Color Contrast Checker. Utah State University. http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/. Accessed 11 September 2011
Juicy Studio (2011) Luminosity Colour Contrast Ratio Analyser. Juicy Studio. http://juicystudio.com/services/luminositycontrastratio.php. Accessed 11 September 2011
WAT-C (2005) Luminosity Contrast Ratio Analyser 1.1. Web Accessibility Tools Consortium.http://www.wat-c.org/tools/CCA/LCRA/index.html. Accessed 11 September 2011
Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Caldwell B, Chisholm W, Slatin J (eds) (2010) Color Picker. Working example. In: Techniques for WCAG 2.0. Techniques and Failures for Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/workingexamples/ G175/index.php. Accessed 28 January 2011
Ishida R (ed) (2011) CSS3 Ruby Module. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/css3-ruby/. Accessed 11 September 2011
Sowden P (2001) Alternative Style: Working With Alternate Style Sheets. A List Apart Magazine. www.alistapart.com/d/alternate/styleswitcher.js. Accessed 12 September 2011
W3C (2004) Demonstration of Signing Avatar Technology as used in the Signing Science Project. TERC. www.w3.org/2004/Talks/0628-rdig-sims/vcom3d-signsci.mov. Accessed 12 September 2011
Trace Center (2011) Photosensitive Epilepsy Analysis Tool (PEAT). The University of Wisconsin. http://trace.wisc.edu.peat/. Accessed 11 September 2011
EOWG, WCAG WG (eds) (2009) Comparison of WCAG 1.0 Checkpoints to WCAG 2.0, in Numerical Order. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/from10/comparison/. Accessed 03 February 2011
Chisholm W, Vanderheiden G, Jacobs I (eds) (1999) Guideline 11. Use W3C technologies and guidelines. In: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WAI-WEBCONTENT/#gl-use-w3c. Accessed 03 February 2011
Cooper M, Reid LG, Vanderheiden G, Caldwell B, Chisholm W, Slatin J (2008) Understanding Accessibility Support. In: Understanding WCAG 2.0. A guide to understanding and implementing Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/2008/NOTEUNDERSTANDING-WCAG20-20081211/conformance.html#uc-accessibility-support-head. Accessed 03 February 2011
Chisholm W, Vanderheiden G, Jacobs I (eds) (1999) Guideline 6. In: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#techscripts. Accessed 03 February 2011
Swan H, Henry S (2010) How to Update Your Web Site from WCAG 1.0 to WCAG 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/from10/websites.html. Accessed 02 February 2011
Clark J (2006) To hell with WCAG2. A List Apart. www.alistapart.com/articles/tohellwithwcag2. Accessed 23 September 2010
The United States Government (2010) § 1194.22 Web-based intranet and Internet information and applications. In: Section 508 Standards Guide. The United States Government. www.section508.gov/docs/Section%20508%20Standards%20Guide.pdf. Accessed 04 February 2011
The United States Government (2010) Note to §1194.22. In: Section 508 Standards Guide. The United States Government. www.section508.gov/index.cfm?fuseAction=stdsdoc. Accessed 04 February 2011
WebAIM (2011) Creating Accessible JavaScript. Overview of Creating Accessible JavaScript. Web Accessibility in Mind. http://webaim.org/techniques/javascript/. Accessed 03 February 2011
Adobe (2011) Adobe Flash accessibility design guidelines. Adobe Systems Incorporated. www.adobe.com/accessibility/products/flash/best_practices.html. Accessed 04 February 2011
Adobe (2011) Accessibility best practices overview. In: Adobe Flash accessibility design guidelines. Adobe Systems Inc. www.adobe.com/accessibility/products/flash/best_practices.html. Accessed 12 September 2011
Design Science (2011) MathPlayer Can Speak! MathPlayer: Speech instructions and examples. Design Science. www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/tech/accessibility.htm. Accessed 04 February 2011
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Leslie F. Sikos, Ph.D.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sikos, L.F. (2011). Accessibility. In: Web Standards. Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4042-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4042-6_10
Publisher Name: Apress
Print ISBN: 978-1-4302-4041-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4302-4042-6
eBook Packages: Professional and Applied ComputingProfessional and Applied Computing (R0)Apress Access Books