Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Palgrave Studies in Oral History ((PSOH))

  • 119 Accesses

Abstract

Massimo Uffreduzzi. My memory of that event is that on the twenty-third of March [the anniversary of the founding of the Fascist movement] the Germans had denied [the Fascists] permission to hold a demonstration, a spectacle, so to speak, in the streets. [Therefore the celebration] was being held in the Corporations’ building in via Veneto. Which was then the headquarters of the Fascist Party. And while this ceremony was in progress, we heard the explosion, very clearly. We were, in a straight line, very close. So, all out, all rushing to see what was the matter; and we reached the place and I saw people, who were being held by the Germans against the railings of Palazzo Barberini, with their hands up … Surely the sight was not easy to describe, because the sight of these bodies torn to pieces, these thirty-three, thirty-two … I mean, it was unbelievable. I looked down via Rasella and pulled right back because it … it hurt me, I guess. Then, with others, we went through via del Tritone, those little streets around there. We heard nothing, and found no trace of the perpetrators. After which we went back to the Corporations’ building and there I remember, in a whole other key, we held the commemoration of March 23, all deeply stricken, badly shocked, over this thing. I began to feel a state of overexcitement, a state also of fear in a sense, because it was the first time that an attack like that was staged in Rome, in the very center of Rome.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 19.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 29.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Notes

  1. A. Giardina, G. Sabbatucci, V. Vidotto, Manuale di storia vol.3—L’età contemporanea, Bari, Laterza, 1992: p. 333; italics in texts.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pierangelo Maurizio, Via Rasella, cinquant’anni di menzogne, Rome, Maurizio Edizioni, 1996, p. 16.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Giovanni Contini, La memoria divisa, Milan, Rizzoli, 1997

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Portelli, “The Massacre at Civitella Val di Chiana (Tuscany, June 29, 1944): Myth and Politics, Mourning and Common Sense,” in The Battle of Valle Giulia. Oral History and the Art of Dialogue, Madison, University of Wisconsin Press, 1997, pp. 129–39.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Enzo Piscitelli, Storia della Resistenza romana, Bari, Laterza, 1965, pp. 61–62.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cesare De Simone, Roma Città prigioniera, Milan, Mursia, 1994, pp. 24–26.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Interview with Franco Debenedetti, la Repuhblica, March 8, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Roberto Forti, Lorenzo D’Agostini, IIsole è sorto a Roma, Rome, ANPI, 1965, pp. 85–86.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gianni [Ricci], “Azioni del Partito d’Azione,” Mercurio, I, 4, 1944, p. 259.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Rosario Bentivegna, Achtung Banditen! Roma 1944, Milan, Mursia, 1983, p. 79.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Paolo Petrucci, Andavano in bicicletta, in “Avvenimenti,” March 8, 1995

    Google Scholar 

  12. Franco Calamandrei, La vita indivisibile. Diario 1941–1947, Giunti, Florence 1998, pp. 155–57.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Claudio Pavone, Una guerra civile. Saggio sulla moralità nella Resistenza, Milan, Boringhieri, 1991, pp. 25 ff., 38 ff.

    Google Scholar 

  14. M. Musu, La ragazza di via Orazio. Vita di una comunista irrequieta, Milan, Mursia, 1997, p. 68.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fronte Militare di Resistenza di Roma e del suo territorio, L’arma dei Carabinieri Reali in Roma durante l’occupazione tedesca (8 settembre 1943–4 giugno 1944), Rome, Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato, 1946, p. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gabrio Lombardi, Montezemolo e il Fronte militare clandestino di Roma, Rome, Edizioni del Lavoro, 1947, p. 13–14.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mario Avagliano, ed., Roma alla macchia. Personaggi e vicende della Resistenza, Cava dei Tirreni, Avagliano, 1997, p. 69

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mario Avagliano, Il partigiano Tevere. Il generale Sabato Martelli Castaldi dalle vie dell’aria alle Fosse Ardeatine, Cava dei Tirreni, Avagliano, 1996, p. 41

    Google Scholar 

  19. Filippo Caruso, L’arma dei carabinieri in Roma, State Printing Office, Rome, 1949, p. 13.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Giorgio Amendola, Lettere a Milano, Rome, Editori Riuniti, 1973, p. 228.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Otello Montanari and Antonio Zambonelli, Gen. Dardano Fenulli (RE. 1889—Fosse Ardeatine 1943). Biografia e Testimonianze, Amministrazione Comunale di Reggio Emilia, 1978, p. 17, testimony of Pompilio Molinari.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Felice Chilanti, “Fece applaudire i carabinieri partigiani,” Rinascita, August 28, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Roberto Gremmo, I partigiani di Bandiera Rossa. Il “Movimento Comunista d’Ltalla” nella Resistenza Romana, Biella, Elf, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Silverio Corvisieri, “Bandiera Rossa” nella resistenza romana, Rome, Samonà e Savelli, 1968, p. 102.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Gianni [Ricci], “Azioni del Partito d’Azione,” Mercurio, I, 4, 1944, p. 259

    Google Scholar 

  26. Francesco Motto, “Gli sfollati e i rifugiati nelle catacombe di S. Callisto durante l’occupazione nazifascista di Roma. I salesiani e la scoperta delle Fosse Ardeatine,” Ricerche Storiche Salesiane, 24, XIII, 1 (Januery–June 1994), p. 77–142

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lorenzo D’Agostini e Roberto Forti, Il sole è sorto a Roma, Roma, ANPI, 1965, p. 425.

    Google Scholar 

  28. A. D’Ettorre et al., eds., Montesacro—Valmelaina 1943–1944, Rome, Circolo Culturale Montesacro, 1997, p. 75–76.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gianni Bosio, “Iniziative e correnti negli studi di storia del movimento operaio 1945–1962” (1963), L’intellettuale rovesciato, Milan, Jaca Book, 1998, p. 31–56.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Natalla Ginzburg, Lessico famigliare, Turin, Einaudi, 1963, p. 186. Leone Ginzburg, an important scholar and the editor of Italia Libera, the clandestine paper of the Partito d’Azione died under torture on February 5, 1944, after a long detention.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Luigi Pintor, La signora Kirchgessner, Turin, Bollati Boringhieri, 1998, p. 54.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Maria Teresa Regard, testimony, in Nazi! La II guerra mondiale. Il caso Priebke e le Fosse Ardeatine, CD-Rom, Carte Segrete—il manifesto, Rome, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Angelo Fumarola, Essi non sono morti, Rome, Magi-Spinetti, 1945, pp. 280–81.

    Google Scholar 

  34. A[ntonello] T[rombadori], “Un eroe: Giorgio Labò,” l’Unità, October 6, 1944.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Riccardo Mancini, Felice Di Napoli, trial testimony, Processo Priebke. Le testimonianze, il memoriale, a. cura di Cinzia Dal Maso and Simona Micheli, Rome, Mondo3, 1993, pp. 72, 90.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Carlo Trabucco, La prigionia di Roma. Diario dei 268 giorni di occupazione tedesca, Turin, Borla, 1954 [1945], p. 207.

    Google Scholar 

  37. See Guglielmo Petroni, Il mondo è una prigione, Florence, Giunti, 1995.

    Google Scholar 

  38. See Peter Tompkins, A Spy in Rome, New York, Simon & Schuster, 1962

    Google Scholar 

  39. P. Tompkins, “Come i partigiani operand con l’O.S.S. contribuirono a salvare la testa di ponte di Anzio,” in AA. W. Gli americani e la guerra di liberazione in Italia, Rome, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, 1995, pp. 140–47.

    Google Scholar 

  40. R. Bentivegna, in R. Bentivegna—Carlo Mazzantini, C’eravamo tanto odiati, ed. Dino Messina, Milan, Baldini & Castoldi, 1997, p. 203.

    Google Scholar 

  41. De Simone, Donne senza nome, Milan, Mursia, 1998 (a fictionalized reconstruction of the women’s massacre at the Tesei mill).

    Google Scholar 

  42. a testimony of Barbarisi’s daughter, Adriana Sessa, is in AA. VV., Giustizia e verità a confronto, Rome, Associazione Uomo e Libertà, 1997, p. 149.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Copyright information

© 2003 Alessandro Portelli

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Portelli, A. (2003). Resistances. In: The Order Has Been Carried Out. Palgrave Studies in Oral History. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8169-1_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4039-8169-1_5

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4039-8008-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4039-8169-1

  • eBook Packages: Palgrave History CollectionHistory (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics