At the 1955 Bandung Conference, Mao Zedong's famous vision of a planet divided into three “worlds” was set forth by Chou En-lai.1 The 1955 conference conducted in the city of Bandung, on the island of Java, has been described as “the most significant congress of the Third World” to occur before the huge Non-Aligned Conference held in Algeria a quarter century later (Horne 2002, p. 559). In Mao's view, the “First World” consisted of industrialized capitalist states in the northern hemisphere, overwhelmingly white in racial composition, and pitted — economically, philosophically, and militarily — against a “Second World” of their industrially developed socialist counterparts. There was as well a “Third World,”2 he said, composed of countries or “territories,” mostly to the south of the other two and populated almost exclusively by peoples of color, which were either maintained as colonies within the ambit of several First World imperial powers, or had recently freed themselves from colonial domination. Perhaps the best explication remains Peter Worsely's (1967) The Third World.3
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Churchill, W. (2009). Self-Determination and the Fourth World: An Introductory Survey. In: Kempf, A. (eds) Breaching the Colonial Contract. Explorations of Educational Purpose, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9944-1_3
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