A variety of observational techniques either have been developed or are under development for fisheries research. These techniques have greatly increased the quantity and quality of information that can be obtained from a research survey and it is anticipated that this trend will continue. Traditional ship-based surveys will be supplemented by data collected from fixed moorings, autonomous underwater vehicles, aircraft, and satellites. Each of these platforms is limited in the spatial and temporal scales that can be sampled. By combining data from multiple platforms and sensors, we will be able to obtain a more complete picture of the components of a particular ecosystem over a greater range of scales. This is particularly true for pelagic nekton, which can move independent of fluid motion. In many cases, the observational difficulties created by this mobility can be mitigated by the use of aircraft, which can cover large areas with optical instruments such as imagers and Light Detection and Ranging (lidar).
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Churnside, J. et al. (2009). Combining Techniques for Remotely Assessing Pelagic Nekton: Getting the Whole Picture. In: Beamish, R.J., Rothschild, B.J. (eds) The Future of Fisheries Science in North America. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9210-7_19
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