Abstract
We present several simple models for diagnostic calculations of ocean climate characteristics. Their qualitative analysis has explained many aspects of ocean/sea dynamics. Namely, they show intrinsic interconnections between strong horizontal density gradients and intense jet-like currents. Moreover, both of them strongly depend on the basins’ bottom topography. It is shown that the JEBAR (Joint Effect of Baroclinicity and Bottom Relief) is an absolutely necessary factor and should accurately be taken into account, directly or indirectly, in any model. Finally, they show that any further simplification of the models brings unrealistic and even contradictory results.
Additionally, we discuss the divergence equation for the sea surface height (SSH). Based on it, we show that wind-stress divergence may be considered as driving force as well. This version of SSH equation is valid for the equatorial area too. It helps to explain why the equatorial undercurrents exist.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Refernces
Bryden D., S. San, and R. Bleck, 1999. A new approximation of the equation of state for seawater, suitable for numerical ocean models. J. Geoph. Res. 104(C1): 1537–1540.
Bryan K., 1969. A numerical method for the study of the circulation of the world ocean. J. Comp. Phys. 4: 347–376.
Carrier G. F. and A. R. Robinson, 1962. On the theory of the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Fluid Mech. 12(1): 49–80.
Defant A., 1941. Die absolute Topographie des physikalischen Meeresniveaus und der Druckflächen sowie die Wasserbewegungen im Atlantischen Ozean. Deutsche Atlantische Exped. “Meteor” (1925–1927) Wiss. Ergeb. Bd. 6, Teil 2, IFR 5, 260 pp.
Ivanov Y. A. and V. M. Kamenkovich, 1959. The bottom topography as the main factor forming the Atlantic circumpolar current’s non-sonality. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 128(6): 1167–1170 (in Russian).
Fofonoff N. P. and R. C. Millard, 1983. Algorithms for Computation of Fundamental Properties of Seawater. UNESCO, Tech. Pap. In Mar. Sci., 44, 53 pp.
Lineykin P. S., 1957. The Main Problems of the Dynamic Theory of the Ocean Baroclinic Layer. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad, 139 pp. (in Russian).
Marchuk G. I. and A. S. Sarkisyan, 1988. Mathematical Modeling of Ocean Circulation. Springer-Verlag, New York, 262 pp.
Munk W. H., 1950. On the wind-driven ocean circulation. J. Meteorol. 7(2): 79–93.
Neumann G., 1955. On the dynamics of wind-driven ocean currents. Meteorol. Pap. 2(4): 1–33.
Neumann G., 1958. On the mass transport of wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean with application to the North Atlantic. Z. Meteorol. 12(4–6): 138–147.
Peredery A. I. and A. S. Sarkisyan, 1972. The exact solution of several transformed equations of the sea currents’ dynamics. Izv. Acad. Nauk SSSR. Ser. Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 8(10): 1073–1079.
Sandström I. W. and B. Helland-Hansen, 1903. Über die Berechnung von Meeresströmungen. Res. On Norw. Fish. And Mar. Inst.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1956. Calculation of stationary wind-driven currents in oceam baroclinic layer. The USSR Acad. Sci., Proc. Of Geophysics Institute. 37(164): 50–61.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1960. The density advection and westward intensification of the wind-driven currents. Doclady Acad. Nauk SSSR. 134(6): 1339–1342 (in Russian).
Sarkisyan A. S., 1961. On the role of the density advection by wind in dynamics of baroclinic ocean. Izv. Ross. Acad. Nauk SSSR 9: 1396–1407.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1962. On dynamics of wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean, Oceanologia. II(3): 393–409.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1969a, Theory and computation of ocean currents, U.S. Dept. of Commerce and the NSF, Washington, DC.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1969b. Deficiencies of barotropic models of ocean circulation. Izv. Acad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 5(8): 818–835 (AGU English translation).
Sarkisyan A. S., 1974. Mechanism of the general oceanic circulation. Izv. Aca. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. Atmos. Okeana. 10(12): 1293–1308.
Sarkisyan A. S., 1977. The diagnostic calculation of a large scale oceanic circulation. The Sea, Marine Modelling, Vol 6, Wiley and Sons, New York, 363–458.
Sarkisyan A. S. and V. F. Ivanov, 1971. Joint effect of baroclinity and bottom topography as an important factor in sea dynamics. Izv. Acad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Fiz. Atmos. Okeana 2(6): 818–835 (AGU English translation).
Shtockman V. B., 1946. Equations of full flow fields induced by wind in nonhomogeneous sea. Dokl Akad. Nauk SSSR 54(5): 403–406 (in Russian).
Stommel H., 1948. The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents. Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union 29: 202–206.
Sverdrup H. U., 1947. Wind-driven currents in a baroclinic ocean; with application to the equatorial currents of the Eastern Pacific. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. Wash. 33(11): 318–326.
Welander P., 1959. On the vertically integrated mass transport in the oceans. In: The Atmosphere and the Sea in Motion. B. Bolin (ed.), Rockefeller Institute Press, New York, 95–101.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sarkisyan, A.S., Sündermann, J.E. (2009). Simple Linear Models for Diagnostic Calculation of Ocean Climate Characteristics. In: Modelling Ocean Climate Variability. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9208-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9208-4_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-9207-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-9208-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)