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Epigenomics pp 101–118Cite as

Epigenetic Profiling of Histone Variants

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Abstract

Most histones are assembled into nucleosomes behind the replication fork to package newly synthesized DNA, but some histones are deposited independent of replication. Replication-independent histone variants of H3 and H2A have evolved to participate in gene regulation, transcriptional elongation, chromosome segregation and DNA repair in almost all eukaryotes. Because histone variants are deposited on a chromatinized template, they replace canonical replication-coupled histones in processes that involve partial or complete unravelling of nucleosomes. The recent application of high-resolution profiling to histone variants thus provides a genome-wide view of active processes that disrupt chromatin. Replacement of a canonical histone with a variant can profoundly alter chromatin properties and erase histone modifications. As such, the epigenomic profiling of histone variants and nucleosome positioning reveals both nucleosome dynamics and the basic organization of the epigenome.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave., N., Seattle, Washington 98109, USA

    Steven Henikoff

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  1. Department of Physiology Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK

    Anne C. Ferguson-Smith

  2. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Marris Park Ave, Bronx NY 10461, Ullman 921, USA

    John M. Greally

  3. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, I Bungtown Rd, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 1 1724-221 2, USA

    Robert A. Martienssen

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Henikoff, S. (2009). Epigenetic Profiling of Histone Variants. In: Ferguson-Smith, A.C., Greally, J.M., Martienssen, R.A. (eds) Epigenomics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9187-2_7

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