Abstract
Limpopo Province, in the north of the Republic of South Africa, has traditionally had two agricultural sectors, commercial and subsistence, that evolved under the land and social policies of pre-democracy governments. Post-apartheid land reform has created opportunities for the previously disadvantaged population to own and farm land. These new farmers, together with subsistence farmers attempting to commercialise, now make up a middle group termed the ‘emerging farmer’ sector. However, these emerging farmers face significant barriers that include lack of secure tenure inadvertently created by government policies and inadequate delivery of government services. Other challenges result from poor knowledge about farming, lack of motivation and organisation, and previous unsustainable land management practices. Despite these barriers, new farming systems are developing which provide farmers with opportunities to share resources, and to co-operate in purchasing better quality inputs, in the development of specialised markets for livestock, and in bulking commodities and other farm produce to meet market specifications. Many of these opportunities will require outside assistance to develop new systems and build human capacity. Improving the livelihood of emerging farmers needs an integrated approach between the farmers, extension workers, research and development advisors and government policy makers. Intervention strategies must take into account the risk, resource constraints and the social and economic objectives of the individuals or groups concerned, with progress through small incremental changes. This chapter provides background on the origins of the emerging farmer sector and focuses on practical opportunities for supporting these farmers.
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Notes
- 1.
Map drawn using GIS data from Municipal Demarcation Board, Republic of South Africa (2005) (http://www.demarcation.org.za/) and Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI), (2008) (http://www.esri.com/).
- 2.
Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) project. See Acknowledgements.
- 3.
A project or set of activities, designed to correct a problem. It may include provision of information or advice or an action plan.
- 4.
Non government organisations and overseas organisations such as ACIAR and GTZ.
- 5.
A list of aims or possible future achievements, which may have an organisational bias.
- 6.
Activities which strengthen the knowledge, abilities, skills and behaviour of individuals and improve institutional structures and processes such that the organization can efficiently meet its mission and goals in a sustainable way.
- 7.
Skills that enable individuals to play an active role in the decisions that affect their community.
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Acknowledgements
The Australian Centre of International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) funds project LPS/2002/081 in Limpopo Province on the Development of Emerging Farmer Crop and Livestock Systems. Our African colleagues and farmers on the project – especially Mr Frits van Oudtshoorn, (Bushveld Environmental Consultants, Modimolle), Mr Terries Ndove (Department of Agriculture) and Mr Madambi Wilson Muvhulawa, chairperson of the National Emergent Red Meat Producers Organisation (NERPO) – are acknowledged for their insightful thoughts and discussions, many of which are reflected in this chapter.
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Whitbread, A., MacLeod, N., McDonald, C., Pengelly, B., Ayisi, K., Mkhari, J. (2011). Farming Systems, Emerging Farmers and Land Reform in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. In: Tow, P., Cooper, I., Partridge, I., Birch, C. (eds) Rainfed Farming Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9132-2_17
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