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Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma pp 237–266Cite as

Species Diversity and Host Associations of Trichogramma in Eurasia

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Part of the book series: Progress in Biological Control ((PIBC,volume 9))

Abstract

The first Trichogramma species described was T. evanescens Westwood, from Chelsea Physic Garden in London, England, 177 years ago (Westwood 1833). Unfortunately, the true identity of T. evanescens has long remained a mystery, leading to taxonomic confusion surrounding this and many other important species in the genus (Fursov 2000, Noyes et al. 2000). To a large extent, this taxonomic confusion is characteristic of much of the taxonomy of Old World Trichogramma species. The daunting task of using morphological studies for species characterisation of Trichogramma species was undertaken by several workers in the 20th century, notably in the former Soviet Union (Sorokina 1991, 1993) and India (Nagarkatti and Nagaraja 1971, 1977). The crucial importance of many Trichogramma species for biological and natural pest control was the incentive for these painstaking studies, in many cases supplemented by complex crossing experiments (Nagarkatti and Nagaraja 1977). The reliance on male genitalia as an extremely useful character (Nagarkatti and Nagaraja 1971) still meant that females were often impossible to identify. The relatively recent discovery of the utility for Trichogramma species identification of the ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer ITS-2 region (Stouthamer et al. 1998) is another significant advance in the taxonomy of this complex genus. The increasing use of ITS-2 to characterize known and new species is both revolutionising Trichogramma systematics and has the potential to bring hitherto unknown and much-needed taxonomic stability to this important genus. The following account summarises current knowledge of the species diversity and host associations of Trichogramma species in Europe and Asia. Apart from certain species known to be widespread across Eurasia, particularly those occurring in both European and Asian Russia, the Palaearctic and Oriental Trichogramma faunas have tended to be treated separately. It seems probable that some hitherto undiscovered synonymy between species in these respective faunas will come to light when further molecular

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to Roberto Zucchi for the opportunity to learn a little about Trichogramma species in order to prepare this chapter. John Pinto kindly corrected a large number of important errors in an earlier draft. Without access to John Noyes’ Universal Chalcidoidea Database I would never have attempted this summary. The UCD is a resource that has empowered chalcid taxonomists globally.

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  1. Natural History Museum, London, UK

    Andrew Polaszek

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  1. Andrew Polaszek
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Correspondence to Andrew Polaszek .

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  1. Depto. Entomologia, Fitopatologia e, Zoologia Agrícola, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil

    Fernando L. Consoli

  2. ESALQ, Depto. Entomologia, Fitopatologia e, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    José R. P. Parra

  3. Depto. Entomologia, Fitopatologia e, Zoologia Agrícola, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil

    Roberto A. Zucchi

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Polaszek, A. (2009). Species Diversity and Host Associations of Trichogramma in Eurasia. In: Consoli, F., Parra, J., Zucchi, R. (eds) Egg Parasitoids in Agroecosystems with Emphasis on Trichogramma . Progress in Biological Control, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9110-0_9

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