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Role of TLR Polymorphisms in Immunosenescence

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Handbook on Immunosenescence

Abstract

Innate immunity provides a first line of host defense against infection through microbial recognition and killing while simultaneously activating a clonotypic immune response. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are principal mediators of rapid microbial recognition and function mainly by detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that do not exist in the host. The different members of TLRs recognize several PAMPs, such as peptidoglycan for TLR2, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for TLR4, flagellin for TLR5, and CpGDNA-repeats for TLR9. Several endogenous ligands of various TLRs have been also identified in the host. In this chapter, we describe the involvement of TLR-4 polymorphisms in immunosenescence, and in particular in age-related diseases, suggesting the crucial role of molecules of innate immunity on these diseases pathophysiology. Hence, we observed that proinflammatory alleles may be related to unsuccessful aging as atherosclerosis and Alzheimer’s disease; reciprocally, controlling inflammatory status by antiinflammatory alleles may allow to better attain successful aging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gruppo di Studio sull’Immunosenescenza Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Università di Palermo, Corso Tukory 211, Palermo, 90134, Italy

    Carmela Rita Balistreri, Giuseppina Candore, Giuseppina Colonna-Romano, Maria Paola Grimaldi, Domenico Lio, Florinda Listì, Sonya Vasto, Letizia Scola & Calogero Caruso

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  1. Carmela Rita Balistreri
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  2. Giuseppina Candore
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  3. Giuseppina Colonna-Romano
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  4. Maria Paola Grimaldi
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  5. Domenico Lio
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  6. Florinda Listì
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  7. Sonya Vasto
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  8. Letizia Scola
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  9. Calogero Caruso
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center on Aging, Department of Medicine, Immunology Graduate Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Rue Belvedere, J1H 4C4, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

    Tamas Fulop

  2. Department of Experimental Pathalogy, CIG Interdepartmental Center “L. Galvani” University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy

    Claudio Franceschi

  3. Institute for Health and Life Sciences, 4-6-22 Kohinato, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0006, Japan

    Katsuiku Hirokawa

  4. ZMF - Zentrum Med. Forschung Abt. Transplant./ Immunologie, University of Tübingen, Waldhörnlestr. 22, 72072, Tübingen, Germany

    Graham Pawelec

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Rita Balistreri, C. et al. (2009). Role of TLR Polymorphisms in Immunosenescence. In: Fulop, T., Franceschi, C., Hirokawa, K., Pawelec, G. (eds) Handbook on Immunosenescence. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9063-9_34

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