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Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterisation of Humic Acids Extracted from Amazonian Dark Earths (Terra Preta De Índio)

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Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision

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The environmental organic matter is the link between the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere and is fundamental for ecosystem sustainability. Estimates of the total mass of organic carbon in soils are in the range of 1.22 × 1018g (Sombroek et al. 1993) to 2.456 × 1018 g (Batjes 1996). This reservoir is at least three times greater than all organic materials above the earth's surface, and the way the soil sequestered carbon is managed can have significant influences the levels of atmospheric CO2. Estimates of the amounts of fossil organic carbon (gas, oil, coal etc.) are considerably greater, of the order of 4 × 1018 g (Falkowski et al. 2000; Janzen 2004). An increase of carbon improves the fertility of soil, especially in tropical conditions, and thus increases the vegetal biomass that this soil can support.

The soil carbon stock represents a continuous process of deposition (5.67 × 1016g C year−1), in the form of vegetal and animal residues, and decomposition (with emissions of 5.50 × 1016 g C year−1). The deposition and decomposition fluxes are not equal because of the inputs of fossil fuel carbon (5 × 1015 g C year−1). However, fossil fuel carbon emissions are one order of magnitude less than that due to the decomposition of natural soil organic matter (United States 1999).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Solos, Rua Jardim Botânico, 1024, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, CEP 22460-000, Brazil

    EH Novotny

  2. Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São, Carlense, 400, Caixa Postal 369, São Carlos, SP, Brazil

    TJ Bonagamba & ER de Azevedo

  3. Department of Chemistry, Foundation Building, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

    MHB Hayes

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  1. EH Novotny
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  2. TJ Bonagamba
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  3. ER de Azevedo
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  4. MHB Hayes
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Correspondence to EH Novotny .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA

    William I. Woods  & Lilian Rebellato  & 

  2. Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia, Brazil

    Wenceslau G. Teixeira

  3. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

    Johannes Lehmann

  4. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Biorefining and Carbon Cycling Program, GA, USA

    Christoph Steiner

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Novotny, E., Bonagamba, T., de Azevedo, E., Hayes, M. (2009). Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterisation of Humic Acids Extracted from Amazonian Dark Earths (Terra Preta De Índio). In: Woods, W.I., Teixeira, W.G., Lehmann, J., Steiner, C., WinklerPrins, A., Rebellato, L. (eds) Amazonian Dark Earths: Wim Sombroek's Vision. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9031-8_21

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