Abstract
IPM Programs in Asia, including on rice, cotton and vegetables, have been broadly based on three dimensions. First is a solid IPM science basis including ecological interaction, plant physiology and soil-plant interactions. Second is policy for IPM, especially elimination of pesticide subsidies which cause over-use of pesticides and disrupt natural enemies leading to secondary pest outbreaks particularly on rice and cotton. Finally, the third dimension is farmer education through hands-on practical training. Lessons are drawn from the FAO Inter-Country Program for Rice IPM in Asia, the FAO-EU for Cotton in Asia and FAO Regional Vegetable IPM Program in South and Southeast Asia. A case study on cotton highlights broadened aspects of IPM activities through farmer empowerment.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anandajayasekeram, P., Davis, K. and Workneh, S. 2007. Farmer field schools: An alternative to existing extension systems? experience from Eastern and Southern Africa. Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 14–1:81–93.
Braun, A. R., Jiggins, J., Röling, N., van den Berg, H. and Snijders, P. 2006. A Global Survey and Review of Farmer Field School Experiences. Final Report. Report prepared for ILRI. Endelea, Wageningen. 91 p. http://www.infobridge.org/ffsnet/output_view. asp?outputID=3200
Davis, K. 2006. Farmer field schools: A Boon or a Bust for extension in Africa? Published in the Eastern and Central Africa Programme for agricultural policy analysis (ECAPAPA) Electronic Newsletter 07 April 2006—Volume 9 Number 06. Available at: http://www.w1.co.ug/asareca/htdocs/ecapapa/newsletter/1145612746ECAPAPA%20Newsletter %20Vol.%209%20No.%2006.doc
Dilts, R. 1985. Training: Re-schooling society? in Prisma 38, December:78–90.
Dilts, R. and Pontius, J. 2000. IPM and farmer-led development: lessons from Indonesia. In: Ooi, A. C. P. (ed), Farmer-led Integrated Pest Management. Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 34–42.
Gallagher, K., Braun, A. R. and Duveskog, D. 2006. Demystifying Farmer Field School Concepts. Paper prepared in response to JIAEE paper by K. Davis. 6 pp. Available at:http://www.infobridge.org/FFSnet/output_view.asp?outputID=3200 .
IRRI. 1979. Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños.
Kenmore, P.E. 1980. Ecology and outbreaks of a tropical insect pest of the green revolution, the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal, PhD thesis. University of California, Berkeley.
Kenmore, P.E. 1991. Indonesia’s Integrated Pest Management: A Model for Asia. The Indonesian National IPM Program and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regional Office, Jakarta.
Kenmore, P.E. 1997. A Perspective on IPM. ILEIA Newsletter 13–4:8–9.
Kenmore, P.E., Carino, F.O., Perez, C.A., Dyck, V.A. and Gutierrez, A.P. 1984. Population regulation of the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) within rice fields in the Philippines in Journal of Plant Protection in the Tropics 1–1 (1984):19–37.
Kjetil Oyna, D. 2006. A Holistic Approach to Improving Lives for Cocoa Farmers and their Families. Norwegian Association of Chocolate Manufacturers, 24 pp.
Mancini, F., Van Bruggen, A.H.C. and Jiggins, J.L.S. 2007. Evaluating cotton integrated pest management (IPM) farmer field school outcomes using the sustainable livelihoods approach in India. Experimental Agriculture 43:97–112.
Mangan, J. and Mangan, M.S. 2003. FFS for tree crops. LEISA Magazine 19–1:30–31.
Matteson, P.C., Gallagher, K.D. and Kenmore, P.E. 1994. Extension of integrated pest management for planthoppers in Asian irrigated rice: Empowering the user. In: Denno, R.F. and Perfect T.J. (eds), Ecology and Management of the Planthopper. Chapman and Hall, London.
McClelland, S. 2002. Indonesia’s Integrated Pest Management in Rice: Successful Integration of Policy and Education. Environmental Practice, 4:191–195.
Ogawa, Y. 2007. Social relations and female farmers’ participation in the learning activities of two farmer field schools in Cambodia, Dissertation No. GD-07-03, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathum Thani, Thailand, 241 pp.
Ooi, P.A.C. 1986. Insecticides disrupt natural control of Nilaparvata lugens in Sekinchan, Malaysia. In: Hussein, M.V. and Ibrahim, S.G. (eds), Biological Control in the Tropics. University Pertanian Malaysia, Serdang.
Ooi, P.A.C. 1988. Ecology and Surveillance of Nilaparvata Lugens (STAL)-Implications for its Management in Malaysia. Thesis submitted to University of Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
Ooi, P.A.C. 2004. Realities of educating resource poor farmers: Experiences in IPM implementation. In: Swanepoel, et al. (ed), Proceedings of the World Cotton Research Conference -3: Cotton production for the new millennium: submitted papers. Cape Town, South Africa, 9–13 March, 2003, pp. 953–958.
Ooi, P.A.C. and Shepard, B.M. 1994. Predators and parasitoids of rice insect pests In: Heinrichs, E.A. (ed), Biology and Management of Rice Insects. Wiley Eastern Ltd-New Age International, New Delhi.
Ooi, P.A.C., Walter-Echols, G., Dai, W.D., Morales-Abubakar, A.L., Lim, G.S., Pachagounder, P., Soomro, M. H., Galvan, C., Mancini, F., Petersen, R. and Kamp, K. (eds) 2004. Environmental Education for Poor Farmers FAO-EU IPM Programme for Cotton in Asia. Food and Agriculture Organization, Regional Office Asia and Pacific, Bangkok, 62 pp.
Ooi, P.A.C., Praneetvatakul, S., Waibel, H. and Walter-Echols, G. 2005 (eds), The Impact of the FAO-EU IPM Programme for Cotton in Asia. Publication Series Special Issue No. 9. Universitat Hannover 123 pp.
Pontius, J., 2003. Picturing impact! LEISA Magazine 19–1:18–21.
Pontius, J., Dilts, R. and Bartlett, A. (eds) 2002. From Farmer Field School to Community IPM. Ten years of IPM Training in Asia. FAO, Bangkok 106 pp. Available at http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/ac834e/ac834e00.htm.
Praneetvatakul, S. and Waibel, H. 2002. A Socio-Economic Analysis of Farmer Field School (FFS) Implemented by the National Program on Integrated Pest Management of Thailand. Paper presented at the CYMMIT impact assessment conference, 4–7 February 2002 San Jose Costa Rica.
Rahadi and Widagdo, H., 2003. Applying the farmer field school approach to farmer-based advocacy in Indonesia. In: CIP-UPWARD. Farmer Field Schools: Emerging Issues and Challenges. International Potato Center – Users’ Perspectives With Agricultural Research and Development, Los Baños, Laguna, pp. 169–175.
Rubia E.G., Heong, K.L., Zalucki, M., Gonzales, B. and Norton, G.A. 1996. Mechanisms of compensation of rice plants to yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) injury. Crop Protection, 15(4):335–340(6).
Schut, M., 2006. ‘A house does not make a home’; Challenging paradigms through Farmer Field Schools. MSc-thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 161 pp.
Settle, W.H., Ariawan, H., Astuti, E.T., Cahyana, W., Hakim, A.L., Hindayana, D., Lestari, L .S., Pajarningsih and Sartanto. 1996. Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey in Ecology 11:1975–1988.
Sogawa, K. and Cheng, C.H. 1979. Economic thresholds, nature of damage, and losses caused by the brown planthopper In: Brown Planthopper: Threat to Rice Production in Asia. IRRI, Los Baños.
Stigter, K. 2007. An account of visiting those involved in climate field schools in Indonesia. INSAM web site, Accounts of Operational Agrometeorology. Available at: http://www.agrometeorology.org/index.php?id=12&backPID=12&tt_news=708.
Tripp, R., Wijeratne, M. and Piyadasa, V.H. 2005. What should we expect from farmer field schools? A Sri Lanka case study. World Development 33–10:1705–1720.
van den Berg, H. 2004. IPM Farmer Field Schools: A Synthesis of 25 Impact Evaluations. FAO Corporate Document Repository. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/ad487e/ ad487e00.htm.
van den Berg, H., Ooi, P.A.C., Hakim, A.L., Ariawan, H. and Cahyana, W. 2004. Farmer field research: an analysis of experiences from Indonesia. FAO-EU IPM Programme for Cotton in Asia, FAO. Available at: http://www.infobridge.org/FFSnet/output_view.asp?outputID=3120.
van den Berg, H., Das H., Hildebrand, P.K. and Ragunathan, V. 2006. Evaluation of the Integrated Pest and Vector Management (IPVM) Project in Sri Lanka. WHO publication. WHO South-East Asia Region, New Delhi, 42 pp.
van de Fliert, E., Dilts, R.D. and Pontius, J. 2002. Farmer researcher teams, farmer field schools and community IPM: different platforms for different research and learning objectives. In: Leeuwis, C. and Rhiannon, P., Wheelbarrows full of frogs: Social learning in rural resource management. Van Gorcum Publishers, Assen, pp. 121–133.
Waibel, W., Fleischer, G., Kenmore, P.E. and Feder, G. (eds), 1998. Evaluation of IPM Programs – Concepts and Methodologies Papers presented at the First Workshop on Evaluation of IPM Programs Hannover, March 16–18, pp. 61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gallagher, K.D., Ooi, P.A., Kenmore, P.E. (2009). Impact of IPM Programs in Asian Agriculture. In: Peshin, R., Dhawan, A.K. (eds) Integrated Pest Management: Dissemination and Impact. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8990-9_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8990-9_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8989-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8990-9
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)