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Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents

  • Chapter
Emerging Environmental Technologies

Abstract

Magnetic nanocomposites with tailored surface functionalities have found a wide range of applications, including biological cell separation, waste remediation, gas purification, and raw material recovery from complex multiphase systems. The challenge to magnetic nanocomposite particles for these applications is to synthesize the particles of strong magnetic properties with high density of reactive functional groups, diversity of functionalities, and durability of surface films. In this chapter, the research and development of magnetic nanocomposite particles for applications to industrial effluent treatment are reviewed. Molecular self-assembly (SA), direct silanation, and mesoporous silica coating on magnetic particles were developed for the preparation of magnetic nanocomposites.

In SA, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid was anchored onto the γ-Fe2O3 surface through chemical bonding between the carboxylic head group of the surfactant and iron on γ-Fe2O3 surface, leaving the thiol or disulfide groups reactive. In the direct silanation, 3-aminopropyl triethoxy silane (APTES) films were silanized on bare magnetic particles from toluene and water. To improve the stability of silanized films, two-step silica-coating method was developed using sol–gel reaction, followed by dense-liquid silica coating. APTES films prepared by the silanation on the two-step silica-coated magnetic particles were found to be more robust than the ones silanized on bare magnetic particles. Furthermore, an innovative procedure of synthesizing mesoporous silica coatings on magnetic particles was developed to increase specific surface area of controlled pore sizes. This approach was based on the molecular templating, followed by sol–gel and templates removal. The resultant products showed a significant increase in specific surface area and were amenable for functionalization by silanation reaction.

The functionalized magnetic nanocomposites were effective for removal or recovery of heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ag+, and Hg2+ from aqueous solutions. Loaded metal ions could be stripped off by acid washing. Selective separation of different metal ions was achieved by controlling the solution pH. Magnetic nanocomposites particles with reactive functional groups have great potential applications in industrial, biological, and pharmacological processes.

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  1. Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G6

    Zhenghe Xu

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  1. Zhenghe Xu
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  2. Jie Dong
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  1. Department of Biology, Dowling College, 150 Idle Hour Blvd, Oakdale, NY 11769, USA

    Vishal Shah

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© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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Xu, Z., Dong, J. (2008). Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Magnetic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents. In: Shah, V. (eds) Emerging Environmental Technologies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8786-8_6

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