Abstract
Present-day, active submarine hydrothermal effluents, at spreading centres (mid-ocean ridges) and in oceanic volcanic arcs and back-arcs, are of considerable interest because they provide a window into ore systems of the ancient geological record that are interpreted to have originated from submarine fluids venting. A wide range of volcanogenic, volcanic-associated or volcanic-hosted massive sulphide deposits, commonly known as VMS orVHMS, as for example the giant ore deposits of the Iberian belt, Cyprus, the Japanese Kuroko deposits and the Archaean Canadian Noranda- or Abitibi-type deposits and similar style ore systems in the very ancient (~3.25 Ga) geological record of the Pilbara Craton in Western Australia, are all explained by models of submarine venting at spreading centres, arc or back-arc rift settings.
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Pirajno, F. (2009). Submarine Hydrothermal Mineral Systems. In: Hydrothermal Processes and Mineral Systems. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8613-7_7
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