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MicroRNA in Neuropsychiatric Diseases

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Current Perspectives in microRNAs (miRNA)

Up to 30% of protein encoding genes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are abundantly expressed in the brain, and, in particular, during brain development stages. Some miRNAs are essential regulators of left/ right neuronal asymmetry in an invertebrate and brain development in vertebrates. Transfection of some microRNA (miR-124) in human cells changed the expression pattern of mRNAs towards brain-like profiles. It may be expected, therefore, that miRNA-related mechanisms are involved in certain aspects of neuropsychiatric pathologies. The data have been obtained suggesting that depletion of cellular components controlling miRNA processing and biogenesis severely affects brain functions implicated in pathogenesis of neurodegenerative or behavior diseases. Partial or conditional loss of function for Dicer causes loss of dopamine neurons and degeneration of Purkinje cells – mechanisms implicated in Parkinson disease; or enhance neurodegeneration in Drosophila model induced by proteins implicated in polyQ neurodegenerative pathologies. Loss of FMPR protein function is a cause of common mental retardation syndrome (FXS) and function of FMRP or FMPR-related protein in Drosophila (Dfmr1) was linked to RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Mutation in putative target for miRNA in SLITRK1 gene is associated with Tourette's neuropsychiatric disorder- the most direct known to date example of linkage between behavior disease and specific miRNA. The pilot studies demonstrated that despite the tiny size miRNAs are quite stable in postmortem tissues and that convergent approach in study of expression and genetic variability of miRNAs in neuropsychiatric pathology is a conceivable goal. It is anticipated that comprehensive studies of miRNA regulators and their targets using innovative genomic technologies may shed a light on unknown aspects in pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease) and mental disorders (schizophrenia) in a nearest future.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 303 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA, 01604, USA

    Evgeny I. Rogaev, Denis V. Islamgulov & Anastasia P. Grigorenko

  2. Research Center of Mental Health, RAMS, Moscow

    Evgeny I. Rogaev & Anastasia P. Grigorenko

  3. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, Moscow

    Evgeny I. Rogaev

Authors
  1. Evgeny I. Rogaev
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  2. Denis V. Islamgulov
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  3. Anastasia P. Grigorenko
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Shao-Yao Ying

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Rogaev, E.I., Islamgulov, D.V., Grigorenko, A.P. (2008). MicroRNA in Neuropsychiatric Diseases. In: Ying, SY. (eds) Current Perspectives in microRNAs (miRNA). Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8533-8_13

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