Abstract
This chapter presents a review and interpretation of the use of small area neighborhood profiles (geodemographics) in community policing and, by extension, in homeland security applications. We discuss the merits of a local focus in policing, and the data and analytical frameworks that are necessary to support this activity. Next we use case study examples to illustrate how priorities for neighborhood policing may be developed, and suggest that available public sector data may be used to drive improved bespoke classifications of neighborhoods. It is argued that better measures of local social capital and community cohesion may be used to tailor interventions to local circumstances, and to maintain and enhance community stability. We conclude with an overview of some ethical impediments to development of such approaches in homeland security applications.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
ACPO Neighbourhood Policing Team (2006). Briefing paper on neighbourhood policing and the NIM [Electronic version]. Association of Chief Police Officers & Centrex. Retrieved fromwww.neighbourhoodpolicing.co.uk.
Ashby, D.I. (2005). Policing neighbourhoods: Exploring the geographies of crime, policing and performance assessment. Policing and Society, 15(4): 413–447.
Ashby, D. & Craglia, M. (2007). Profiling places: geodemographics and GIS. (In T. Newburn, T. Williamson, & A. Wright (Eds.), Handbook of criminal investigation (pp. 517–546). Cullopmton: Willan).
Ashby, D.I. & Webber, R. (2006). High crime: High disorder neighbourhoods [Electonic version] Spatial Analysis and Geodemographics, report submitted to The Audit Commission. (London: UCL). Retrieved fromwww.spatial-literacy.org.
Boba, R. (2003). Problem analysis in policing. (Washington, DC: United States Police Foundation).
Chainey, S. (2004). Using geographic information to support the police response to community cohesion. Proceedings of the 2004 Association for Geographic Information Conference, London, 12–14 October.
Chainey, S. & Ratcliffe, J. (2005). GIS and crime mapping. (Chichester: Wiley).
Clarke, R.V. & Eck, J. (2003). Become a problem solving crime analyst [Electronic version]. (London: The Jill Dando Institute of Crime Science, London). Retrieved fromwww.jdi.ucl.ac.uk.
Cope, N. (2004). Intelligence led policing or policing led intelligence?: Integrating volume crime analysis into policing. British Journal of Criminology, 44(2): 188–203.
Dallison, M. (2005, April). Assessing the level of community cohesion within the Pennine Division of Lancashire Constabulary. (Paper presented at the 3rd UK Crime Mapping Conference, London).
Eck, J., Chainey, S.P., Cameron, J. & Wilson, R. (2006). Mapping crime: Understanding hotspots. (Washington, DC: United States National Institute of Justice).
GMAC (2006a). Vulnerable communities [Electronic version]. Greater Manchester Against Crime Europe Project Report. Retrieved fromwww.gmac.org.uk.
GMAC (2006b). The greater Manchester’s strategic assessment 2006 [Electronic version] Greater Manchester Against Crime. Retrieved fromwww.gmac.org.uk.
Gill, P. (2000). Rounding up the usual suspects? Developments in contemporary law enforcement intelligence. (Aldershot: Ashgate).
Goldstein, H. (1979). Improving policing: A problem-oriented approach. Crime and Delinquency, 25, 236–258.
Gottlieb, S.L., Arenberg, S. & Singh, R. (1994). Crime analysis: From first report to final arrest. (Montclair, CA: Alpha Publishing).
Harris, R., Sleight, P. & Webber, R. (2005). Geodemographics, GIS and neighbourhood targeting. (Chichester: Wiley).
Home Office (2004). Building communities, beating crime: A better police service for the 21st century. Home Office White Paper; CM6360. (London: HMSO).
Home Office (2005). Crime mapping: improving performance. (London: Home Office Police Standards Unit).
Longley P.A. (2005) A renaissance of geodemographics for public service delivery. Progress in Human Geography, 29, 57–63.
Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. & Rhind, D.W. (2005). Geographic information systems and science (Second Edition). (Chichester: Wiley).
Innes, M. & Fielding, N. (2002). From community to communicative policing: Signal crimes and the problem of public reassurance. Sociological Research Online, 7(2).
National Social Marketing Centre for Excellence (NSMC) (2005). Social marketing pocket guide. National Consumer Council.
ODPM (2003). The English indices of deprivation. (London: Stationery Office).
Openshaw, S. (1984). The modifiable areal unit problem. Concepts and techniques in modern geography 38. (Norwich: GeoBooks).
Rose, S. (2005, April). Using a composite spatial index of multi-agency information to assess partnership priorities. (Paper presented at the 3rd UK Crime Mapping Conference, London).
Rose, S. (2006, May). COSMOS: Mapping reassurance using survey data. (Paper presented at the 4th UK Crime Mapping Conference, London).
Sampson, R.J. & Raudenbush, S.W. (1999). Systematic social observation of public spaces: A new look at disorder in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Sociology, 105(3): 603–651.
Squires, P. (1998). Cops and customers: Consumerism and the demand for police services. Is the customer always right? Policing and Society, 8: 169–188.
Statistics Commission (2006). Crime statistics: User perspectives. Report No. 30 [Electronic version]. (London: Statistics Commission). Retrieved fromwww.statscom.org.uk.
United States Office of Homeland Security (2002). The national strategy for homeland security. [Electronic version]. (Washington DC: United States Office of Homeland Security). Retrieved fromwww.whitehouse.gov/homeland/book/nat_strat_hls.pdf.
Vickers D.W. & Rees, P.H. (2007). Creating the national statistics 2001 output area classification. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 170(2): 379–403.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ashby, D.I., Chainey, S., Longley, P.A. (2008). From Crime Analysis to Homeland Security: A Role for Neighborhood Profiling?. In: Sui, D.Z. (eds) Geospatial Technologies and Homeland Security. The GeoJournal Library, vol 94. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8507-9_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8507-9_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8339-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8507-9
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)