Intrapulmonary nodules are one of the most common findings in multidetector row Computed tomography (MDCT) chest examinations. Midthun et al. (1993) defined pulmonary nodules as round opacities which are < 3 cm in diameter and are usually surrounded by pulmonary parenchyma. Larger lesions are called masses, as they are most likely malignant. Unfortunately most pulmonary nodules are <10 mm in diameter leading to diagnostic difficulties, as differential diagnosis of these nodules is not easy, but may include potentially malignant diseases such as lung cancer and pulmonary metastasis. To differentiate between benign and malignant nodules, image features can be applied, but also sufficient diagnostic workup algorithms are necessary.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Armato, SG., 3rd, Li, F., Giger, ML., MacMahon, H., Sone, S., and Doi, K. 2002. Lung cancer: performance of automated lung nodule detection applied to cancers missed in a CT screening program. Radiology 225: 685–692
Das, M., Mühlenbruch, G., Mahnken, AH., Flohr, TG., Gündel, L., Stanzel, S., Kraus, T., Günther, RW., and Wildberger, JE. 2006. Small pulmonary nodules: effect of two computer-aided detection systems on radiologist performance. Radiology 241: 564–571
Das, M., Ley-Zaporozhan J., Gietema, HA., Czech, A., Mühlenbruch, G., Mahnken, AH., Katoh, M., Bakai, A., Salganicoff, M., Diederich, S., Prokop, M., Kauczor, HU., Günther, RW., and Wildberger, JE. 2007a. Accuracy of automated volumetry of pulmonary nodules across different multislice CT scanners. Eur. Radiol. 17: 1979–1984
Das, M., Mühlenbruch, G., Mahnken, AH., Hering, KG., Sirbu, H., Zschiesche, W., Knoll, L., Felten, MK., Kraus, T., Günther, RW., and Wildberger, JE. 2007b. Asbestos Surveillance Program Aachen (ASPA): initial results from baseline screening for lung cancer in asbestos-exposed high-risk individuals using low-dose multidetector-row CT. Eur. Radiol. 17: 1193–1199
Das, M., Mühlenbruch, G., Katoh, M., Bakai, A., Salganicoff, M., Stanzel, S., Mahnken, AH., Günther, RW., and Wildberger, JE. 2007c. Automated volumetry of solid pulmonary nodules in a phantom: accuracy across different CT scanner technologies. Invest. Radiol. 42: 297–302
Diederich, S., Thomas, M., Semik, M., Lenzen, H., Roos, N., Weber, A., Heindel, W., and Wormanns, D. 2004. Screening for early lung cancer with low-dose spiral computed tomography: results of annual follow-up examinations in asymptomatic smokers. Eur. Radiol. 14: 691–702
Fischbach, F., Knollmann, F., Griesshaber, V., Freund, T., Akkol, E., and Felix, R. 2003. Detection of pulmonary nodules by multislice computed tomography: improved detection rate with reduced slice thickness. Eur. Radiol. 13: 2378–2383
Goo, JM., Tongdee, T., Tongdee, R., Yeo, K., Hildebolt, CF., and Bae, KT. 2005. Volumetric measurement of synthetic lung nodules with multi-detector row CT: effect of various image reconstruction parameters and segmentation thresholds on measurement accuracy. Radiology 235: 850–856
Henschke, CI., McCauley, DI., Yankelevitz, DF., Naidich, DP., McGuinness, G., Miettinen, OS., Libby, DM., Pasmantier, MW., Koizumi, J., Altorki, NK., and Smith, JP. 1999. Early Lung Cancer Action Project: overall design and findings from baseline screening. Lancet 354: 99–105
Henschke, CI., McCauley, DI., Yankelevitz, DF., Naidich, DP., McGuinness, G., Miettinen, OS., Libby, D., Pasmantier, M., Koizumi, J., Altorki, N., and Smith, JP. 2001a. Early lung cancer action project: a summary of the findings on baseline screening. Oncologist 6: 147–152
Henschke, CI., Naidich, DP., Yankelevitz, DF., McGuinness, G., McCauley, DI., Smith, JP., Libby, D., Pasmantier, M., Vazquez, M., Koizumi, J., Flieder, D., Altorki, N., and Miettinen, OS. 2001b. Early lung cancer action project: initial findings on repeat screenings. Cancer 92: 153–159
Henschke, CI., Yankelevitz, DF., Libby, DM., Pasmantier, MW., Smith, JP., and Miettinen, OS. 2006. Survival of patients with stage I lung cancer detected on CT screening. N Engl. J. Med. 355: 1763–1771
Jemal, A., Tiwari, RC., Murray, T., Ghafoor, A., Samuels, A., Ward, E., Feuer, EJ., and Thun, MJ. 2004. American Cancer Society. Cancer statistics, 2004. C.A.Cancer J. Clin. 54: 8–29
Kitamura, H., Kameda, Y., Ito, T., and Hayashi, H. 1999. Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the lung. Implications for the pathogenesis of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 111: 610–622
Li, F., Sone, S., Abe, H., MacMahon, H., Armato, SG., 3rd., and Doi, K. 2002. Lung cancers missed at low-dose helical CT screening in a general population: comparison of clinical, histopathologic, and imaging findings. Radiology 225: 673–683
MacMahon, H., Austin, JH., Gamsu, G., Herold, CJ., Jett, JR., Naidich, DP., Patz, EF. Jr., and Swensen, SJ., Fleischner Society. 2005. Guidelines for management of small pulmonary nodules detected on CT scans: a statement from the Fleischner Society. Radiology 237: 395–400
Marten, K., Auer, F., Schmidt, S., Kohl, G., Rummeny, EJ., and Engelke, C. 2006. Inadequacy of manual measurements compared to automated CT volumetry in assessment of treatment response of pulmonary metastases using RECIST criteria. Eur. Radiol. 16: 781–790
Midthun, DE., Swensen, SJ., and Jett, JR. 1993. Approach to the solitary pulmonary nodule. Mayo Clin. Proc. 68: 378–385
Mountain, CF. 1997. Revisions in the International System for Staging Lung Cancer. Chest 111: 1710–1717
Noguchi, M., Morikawa, A., Kawasaki, M., Matsuno, Y., Yamada, T., Hirohashi, S., Kondo, H., and Shimosato, Y. 1995. Small adenocarcinoma of the lung. Histologic characteristics and prognosis. Cancer 75: 2844–2852
Peloschek, P., Sailer, J., Weber, M., Herold, CJ., Prokop, M., and Schaefer-Prokop, C. 2007. Pulmonary nodules: sensitivity of maximum intensity projection versus that of volume rendering of 3D multidetector CT data. Radiology 243: 561–569
Rubin, GD., Lyo, JK., Paik, DS., Sherbondy, AJ., Chow, LC., Leung, AN., Mindelzun, R., Schraedley-Desmond, PK., Zinck, SE., Naidich, DP., and Napel, S. 2005. Pulmonary nodules on multi-detector row CT scans: performance comparison of radiologists and computer-aided detection. Radiology 234: 274–283
Sone, S., Takashima, S., Li, F., Yang, Z., Honda, T., Maruyama, Y., Hasegawa, M., Yamanda, T., Kubo, K., Hanamura, K., and Asakura, K. 1998. Mass screening for lung cancer with mobile spiral computed tomography scanner. Lancet 351: 1242–1245
Spira, A., and Ettinger, DS. 2004. Multidisciplinary management of lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 350: 379–392
Swensen, SJ., Morin, RL., Schueler, BA., Brown, LR., Cortese, DA., Pairolero, PC., and Brutinel, WM. 1992. Solitary pulmonary nodule: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast material—a preliminary report.Radiology 182: 343–347
Swensen, SJ., Jett, JR., Hartman, TE., Midthun, DE., Mandrekar, SJ., Hillman, SL., Sykes, AM., Aughenbaugh, GL., Bungum, AO., and Allen, KL. 2005. CT screening for lung cancer: five-year prospective experience. Radiology 235: 259–265
Valencia, R., Denecke, T., Lehmkuhl, L., Fischbach, F., Felix, R., and Knollmann, F. 2006. Value of axial and coronal maximum intensity projection (MIP) images in the detection of pulmonary nodules by multislice spiral CT: comparison with axial 1-mm and 5-mm slices. Eur. Radiol. 16: 325–332
Yi, C.A., Lee, K.S., Kim, E.A., Han, J., Kim, H., Kwon, O.J., Jeong, Y.J., and Kim, S. 2004. Solitary pulmonary nodules: dynamic enhanced multi-detector row CT study and comparison with vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density. Radiology 233: 191–199
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Das, M. (2008). Small Pulmonary Nodules: Detection Using Multidetector-Row Computed Tomography. In: Hayat, M.A. (eds) General Methods and Overviews, Lung Carcinoma and Prostate Carcinoma. Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8442-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8442-3_16
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-8441-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-8442-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)