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Farmer Tree Planting Barriers to Sustainable Forest Management

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Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services

Part of the book series: Advances in Agroforestry ((ADAG,volume 5))

Abstract

Agroforestry provides productive and protective forest functions valued by societies as sustainable forest management. Yet, trees planted in agroforestry systems are excluded in formal definitions and statistics and overlooked in legal and institutional frameworks for sustainable forest management. Likewise, smallholder farmers frequently face barriers when planting or re-planting trees on farms. We examine six issues that hinder a regreening revolution based on farmer tree planting, as discussed in various other book chapters. First, issues of terminology for forests, plantations, and reforestation are linked to land tenure and land-use restrictions. Second, access to high-quality planting material remains a challenge, especially at the farmer level. Third, management skill and information often constrain production for lucrative markets. Fourth, overregulation often restricts market access for farmer grown tree products, partly due to rules intended to curb illegal logging from natural forests or government plantations. Fifth, there is a lack of reward mechanisms for environmental services provided by agroforestry. Sixth, there is a lack of supportive legal and institutional frameworks for smallholder tree growing and agroforestry in general. Current relationships between agroforestry and plantation forestry are perceived as complementary, neutral or competitive, depending on the ability of (inter)national policy frameworks to provide a level playing field for the provision to society at large of productive and protective forest functions. In conditions where plantations operate with substantial government subsidies, in contrast to non-existent or minimal subsidies for agroforestry, farmers’ potential to produce wood and provide other forest benefits and ecological services is placed at a disadvantage, to the detriment of society at large.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICRAF-SE Asia, World Agroforestry Centre, P.O. Box 161, Bogor, 16001, Indonesia

    M. Van Noordwijk, J. M. Roshetko,  Suyanto & C. Fay

  2. Winrock International, Bogor, Indonesia

    J. M. Roshetko

  3. Forest and Nature Conservation Research and Development Center (FNCRDC), Jl Gunung Batu, Bogor, Indonesia

    Murniati

  4. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development Division, World Bank Institute, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, MSN J4-400, Washington, DC, 20433, USA

    M. D. Angeles

  5. Davis Agricultural Sustainability Institute, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8523, USA

    T. P. Tomich

Authors
  1. M. Van Noordwijk
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  2. J. M. Roshetko
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  3. Murniati
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  4. M. D. Angeles
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  5. Suyanto
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  6. C. Fay
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  7. T. P. Tomich
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Correspondence to M. Van Noordwijk .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Denyse J. Snelder

  2. Country Office Philippines, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), Laguna, The Philippines

    Rodel D. Lasco

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Van Noordwijk, M. et al. (2008). Farmer Tree Planting Barriers to Sustainable Forest Management. In: Snelder, D.J., Lasco, R.D. (eds) Smallholder Tree Growing for Rural Development and Environmental Services. Advances in Agroforestry, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8261-0_20

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