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Expression and possible functions of glutamate and GABA receptors in glial cells from the hippocampus

  • Chapter
Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling

Abstract

It is now quite clear that glial cells of all types have receptors. This is hardly surprising since it is the way that all cells sense their environment. However, their first identification some years ago in cultured and isolated glia (Reviewed by Kimelberg 1988; Porter and McCarthy, 1997) were surprising results to neuroscientists who had taken the biologically unsupportable view that only neurons had receptors since this was the way in which one neuron signaled to another. However, the implied perplexity here, why would glia have receptors still remains with us when we are asked the question but what do receptors on glia do? The problem is really that we are putting the cart before the horse, which although horses can push is not the most efficient arrangement for this type of conveyance. We are still trying to find out to a very large extent what glia do and then, although it will not be an epiphany, the functions of glial receptors will likely come into clearer focus. Another general horse and cart problem is that currently in biomedical research we are always asked to come up with a hypothesis for every investigation. This implies that we always know what we are in fact searching for and simply need to test it. This makes for difficulties in glial research where we do not seem to have an adequate database upon which reasonable hypotheses can be proposed. If we admit we are only looking for reliable data we will be criticized for being on a fishing expedition and thus in glial research we have to pretend that we know a lot more than we really do and that our experiments are more precise than they really are.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Arachidonic acid

AMPARs:

α-amino-3 hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptors

CBF:

Cerebral blood flow

EETs:

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid

EPSPs:

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

GABA:

γ-aminobutyric acid

GABARs:

GABA receptors

GABAARs:

GABAA receptors

GABABRs:

GABAB receptors

GAT:

GABA transporter

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GLAST:

L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter

GLT-1:

Glutamate transporter 1

I K+OUT :

Outward potassium channel current

I Na + :

Sodium channel current

IPSPs:

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials

mEPSPs:

Spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials

mGluR:

Metabotropic glutamate receptor

NMDA:

N-methyl-D-aspartate

OPCs:

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells

ORAs:

Outwardly rectifying astrocytes

SC-RT-PCR:

Single-cell reverse transcrintase-nolvmerase chain reaction

I Swell, Cl- :

Swelling activated chloride currents

VRAs:

Variably rectifying astrocytes

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  1. Neural and Vascular Biology Theme, Ordway Research Institute, 150 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY, 12208, USA

    Min Zhou & Harold K. Kimelberg

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  1. Min Zhou
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    Glenn I. Hatton  & Vladimir Parpura  & 

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Zhou, M., Kimelberg, H.K. (2004). Expression and possible functions of glutamate and GABA receptors in glial cells from the hippocampus. In: Hatton, G.I., Parpura, V. (eds) Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-7937-5_6

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