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Calcium signaling in glia

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Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling

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Abstract

The expression of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels on astrocytes in culture has already been shown 20 years ago (MacVicar, 1984). A detailed investigation has recently identified a large variety of subtypes present in cultured cells, both on the protein and mRNA level, namely α1B (N-type), α1c (L-type), α1D (L-type), α1E (R-type), and α1G (T-type), but not α1A (P/Q-type) channels (Latour et al., 2003). The expression of Ca channels in astrocytes in situ is controversial. There was no evidence found for Ca2+ channels in astrocytes in acute slices from the visual cortex or the CA1 hippocampal region of developing rats and the depolarization-induced [Ca2+]i increases in astrocytes was solely attributed to the activation of metabotropic receptors by neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, released by synaptic terminals upon depolarization (Carmignoto et al., 1998). In contrast, freshly isolated astrocytes from 2–6 week old rat hippocampi showed verapamil-sensitive increases in Ca2+ due to depolarization by high K+ supporting the presence of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (Fraser et al., 1995). For more details on Ca2+ channels see also Chapter 7.

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Abbreviations

trans:

ACPD: (1S,3R)-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid

AMPA (R):

α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (receptor)

BAPTA:

1,2-bis-(o-minophenoxy)ethanie-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid

C5a, C3a:

Complement factor 5a, etc.

[Ca2+]i :

Cytosolic free calcium concentration

CaSK:

Calcium sensing receptor CCL21 Chemokine CCL21

CCR:

Chemokine receptor binding CC type chemokines

CNS:

Central nervous system

CRAC:

Calcium release activated channel

Cx:

Connexins, various gap junction proteins

CXCR:

Chemokine receptor binding CXC type chemokines

ET:

Endothelin

GABA:

γ-amino butyric acid

GABAARs GABAA :

receptors

GluRs:

Glutamate receptors

mGluRs:

Metabotropic glutamate receptors

gp 120 HIV:

envelop glycoprotein 120

IFN:

γ: Interferon gamma

IL:

Interleukin

InsP3(R):

Inositol trisphosphate (receptor)

LPA:

Lysophosphatidic acid

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MIP:

Macrophage inflammatory protein

MRF:

microglial response factor

NE:

Norepinephrine

NMDA(R):

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors

NO:

Nitric oxide

PAR:

Protease activated receptor

PTX:

Pertussis toxin

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

TTX:

Tetrodotoxin

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Cellular Neurosciences, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13092, Berlin, Germany

    Helmut Kettenmann & Carola G. Schipke

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  1. Helmut Kettenmann
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  2. Carola G. Schipke
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Correspondence to Helmut Kettenmann .

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  1. Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of Clifornia, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA

    Glenn I. Hatton  & Vladimir Parpura  & 

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Kettenmann, H., Schipke, C.G. (2004). Calcium signaling in glia. In: Hatton, G.I., Parpura, V. (eds) Glial ⇔ Neuronal Signaling. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-7937-5_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-7937-5_12

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