An Integrated Livelihoods-based Approach to Combat Desertification in Marginal Drylands

Previous interventions to combat desertification have often failed because a piecemeal approach was used that was inadequate to deal with the complexities of marginal dryland areas. This paper describes a more relevant, inclusive approach based on the principles of Integrated Natural Resources Management (INRM). It sets out a framework for INRM implementation, with 11 “cornerstones” to guide project design, identify strong and weak areas, and target efforts accordingly. These cornerstones are broadly grouped under three aspects: multi- disciplinary, multi-institution partnerships, local institutional/organizational capacity, and scaling out (including post-project sustainability).

ICARDA and its partners applied this framework to a research project in the Khanasser Valley, a marginal dryland area in Syria. A range of best-bet technological, institutional and policy options was developed with community participation. These options were discussed at multi-stakeholder meetings, and tested jointly by researchers, extension agents and the community. They continue to be implemented and refined through iterative learning cycles.

Crucially, this approach is not limited to technical solutions alone but includes economic, environmental, social, institutional and policy aspects, and links research findings into a long-term development plan that addresses priorities identified by the community. The best-bet options have proved feasible, profitable and low-risk, and adoption is growing. Policy-makers have shown a willingness to replicate the INRM approach in other parts of Syria.