Absurdity as Unary Operator

This chapter finishes the first part of the book devoted to the concept of negation as reduction to absurdity. As was mentioned in Chapter 1, minimal logic lies on the border line of paraconsistency. We have in Lj for arbitrary formulas φand ψ,{ φ, ¬ φ} ├ ¬ψ

This means that although inconsistent Lj-theories may be non-trivial, they are trivial with respect to negation. Any negated formula is provable in any inconsistent Lj-theory.