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Detrimental Genetic Effects of Interactions Between Reared Strains and Wild Populations of Marine and Anadromous Fish and Invertebrate Species

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Aquaculture in the Ecosystem

Cultured strains of marine and anadromous species reared for aquaculture can be either inadvertently (as in farm escapes) or deliberately (as in stocking/ ranching) introduced into the wild, where they may interact with wild conspecifics or other species. This chapter concentrates on the potentially detrimental genetic aspects of these interactions, largely in the context of species cultured in Europe but considering general principles, which have worldwide applicability. Most previous experimental work in the area has involved Atlantic salmon, which has the highest production of any finfish produced in Europe. These investigations have shown generally detrimental results for wild salmon populations, when interactions occur with reared strains. The various European species which might be affected by cultured introgressions (the major aquaculture species) are then considered under several headings: genetic composition of cultured strains compared with wild populations; modes of introduction into the wild; direct and indirect genetic interactions with wild populations/species; consequences of such interactions; establishing the severity of effects of wild/reared interactions with different species, utilising opportunist situations and field experiments; and, methods such as induction of sterility in reared strains to reduce detrimental effects. Relative risks for wild populations of the major aquaculture species are then considered, and general and specific genetic recommendations are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science/Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University College Cork, Ireland

    T. F. Cross, G. Burnell, J. Coughlan, S. Culloty, E. Dillane & E. Rogan

  2. Marine Institute, Aquaculture and Catchment Management Services, Newport, County Mayo, Ireland

    P. McGinnity

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  1. T. F. Cross
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  2. G. Burnell
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  3. J. Coughlan
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  4. S. Culloty
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  5. E. Dillane
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  6. P. McGinnity
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  7. E. Rogan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark

    Marianne Holmer

  2. Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland

    Kenny Black

  3. Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marquès 21, 07190, Esporles (Illes Balears), Spain

    Carlos M. Duarte  & Nuria Marbà  & 

  4. Marine Ecology Laboratory Biology Department, University of Crete, 2208, Heraklion, 714 09, Crete, Greece

    Ioannis Karakassis

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Cross, T.F. et al. (2008). Detrimental Genetic Effects of Interactions Between Reared Strains and Wild Populations of Marine and Anadromous Fish and Invertebrate Species. In: Holmer, M., Black, K., Duarte, C.M., Marbà, N., Karakassis, I. (eds) Aquaculture in the Ecosystem. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6810-2_4

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