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Fresh-Water Fluxes via Pacific and Arctic Outflows Across the Canadian Polar Shelf

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Book cover Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes

Observations have revealed persistent flows of relatively low salinity from the Pacific to the Arctic and from the Arctic to the Atlantic (Melling 2000). It is customary to associate fluxes of fresh-water with these flows of brine, as follows: the fresh-water flux is the volume of fresh water that must be combined with a volume of reference-salinity water to yield the volume of seawater of the salinity observed. As with sensible heat flux, the choice of reference is arbitrary, but the value 34.8 is often used in discussions of the Arctic. This value is an estimate of the mean salinity of the Arctic Ocean by Aagaard and Carmack (1989) for a time period and averaging domain that were not specified. Because the salinity of seawater flowing across the shallow Bering, Chukchi and Canadian Polar shelves is typically lower than 34.8, these flows transport fresh-water from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ocean Science, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, V8L 4B2, Canada

    Humfrey Melling

  2. Environment Canada, Meteorological Service of Canada, M3H 5T4, Downsview, ON, Canada

    Tom A. Agnew

  3. College of Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA

    Kelly K. Falkner & Roger M. Samelson

  4. Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, V8L 4B2, Canada

    David A. Greenberg, Brian Petrie & Simon J. Prinsenberg

  5. Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 98105, Seattle, WA, USA

    Craig M. Lee & Rebecca A. Woodgate

  6. College of Marine Studies, University of Delaware, 19716, Newark, DE, USA

    Andreas Münchow

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  1. Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, NR33 0HT, Lowestoft, UK

    Robert R. Dickson

  2. University of Hamburg, D-20146, Hamburg, Germany

    Jens Meincke

  3. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

    Peter Rhines

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Melling, H. et al. (2008). Fresh-Water Fluxes via Pacific and Arctic Outflows Across the Canadian Polar Shelf. In: Dickson, R.R., Meincke, J., Rhines, P. (eds) Arctic–Subarctic Ocean Fluxes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6774-7_10

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