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Notes
- 1.
For the history of microscopy, see Clay and Court (1932), Berg and Freund (1964), Bradbury (1967), and Bracegirdle (1978). For images of several types of microscopes and their accessories used at the turn of the century, see Van Heurck (1891). For the preparation of the brain slices in those days, see Mercier (1894), and Déjérine (1895, I, 7–57).
- 2.
Van Gehuchten, in Sondervorst (1981, 205).
- 3.
Barker (1897, 325–326).
- 4.
Flechsig (1927, 35).
- 5.
Meynert (1872). Most results were previously published by Meynert in Vierteljahrschrift für Psychiatrie in 1867 and 1868.
- 6.
G. Anton, “Theodor Meynert”, in Kirchhoff (1921–1924, II, 125).
- 7.
Meynert (1890, 98–99).
- 8.
Meynert (1889, 40).
- 9.
Kaes (1907, 48). For a profound analysis of Kaes’ neurohistological work, see Sammet (2006).
- 10.
Kraepelin (1904, II Klinische Psychiatrie, “Der geborene Verbrecher”, 823–824). This information can only be found in a footnote in the seventh edition of Kraepelins Psychiatrie. I did not find the original study in Nissl’s publications.
- 11.
Krafft-Ebing (1871, 369).
- 12.
This discussion was published after Campbell’s lecture (1904). All quotations can be found in the discussion section.
- 13.
Flechsig, “Biographisches”, in 1927, 8.
- 14.
Quoted by Pfeifer (1930, 259).
- 15.
Flechsig (1888, 61).
- 16.
Ireland (1898, 14).
- 17.
Flechsig (1896a). This edition was published with numerous annotations in 1896 at Veit in Leipzig. There is also a first unannotated edition (1895). The quotations are taken from the second edition.
- 18.
Barker (1897, 13).
- 19.
All quotations are taken from Flechsig (1896b).
- 20.
All quotations are taken from Flechsig (1905).
- 21.
See for instance, Weygandt (1900). For Kraepelin’s negative reaction to Gehirn und Seele, see Steinberg (2001, 60–61).
- 22.
Flechsig (1897). In the published version of his lecture, Flechsig left out this conclusion, see Stumpf, Dritter internationaler Congress für Psychologie, 68.
- 23.
Barker (1897, 14).
- 24.
Soury (1897, 864).
- 25.
Van Gehuchten (1897, 31).
- 26.
Van Gehuchten (1897, deuxième édition, 701).
- 27.
Ibid., 699 and 700.
- 28.
Van Gehuchten (1913, 544).
- 29.
Van Gehuchten (1920, 405 and 406).
- 30.
Fredericq (1885).
- 31.
For the development of the concepts of autoregulation and stress in medicine, see Chrousos et al. (1988) and Otto et al. (1990).
- 32.
Kinberg (1935, 323).
- 33.
Kretschmer (1926), Pende (1923, 1927), Di Tullio (1929), Berman (1922), and Baruk (1938, 1939, 1945, 204).
- 34.
Kinberg (1935, 327).
- 35.
Von Monakow, “Gefühl, Gesittung und Gehirn: drei Vorträge, gehalten im psychiatrisch-neurologischen Verein” in Zürich am 23. Oktober, 13. und 27 November 1915, later included in his Gehirn und Gesittung: psychobiologische Aufsätze (Zürich: Mongarten, 1950), 97–230. An English translation of these lectures appeared in 1929, Emotions, morality, and the brain (Washington and New York: Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company, 1929, nervous and mental monographical series, n° 39). All quotations are taken from the Gehirn und Gesittung: psychobiologische Aufsätze.
- 36.
Sosset (1931, 787).
- 37.
“Die Syneidesis, das biologische Gewissen” was initially published in Schweizer Archiv fuer Neurologie und Psychiatrie in 1927 and was later also included in Gehirn und Gesittung: psychobiologische Aufsätze, 231–282. All quotes are taken from this publication.
- 38.
Von Monakow (with R. Morgue) (1928, 323).
- 39.
Von Monakow, “Die Syneidesis, das biologische Gewissen”, 245–246.
- 40.
This view is explained in Von Monakow (1928).
- 41.
Von Monakow, “Die Syneidesis, das biologische Gewissen”, 275.
- 42.
Ibid, 277.
- 43.
Von Monakow (with R. Morgue) (1928, 95).
- 44.
Anonymous (1863).
- 45.
Baruk (1945, 185).
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Verplaetse, J. (2009). The Microscopy and Endocrinology of the Moral Centre. In: Localising the Moral Sense. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6322-0_5
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