Skip to main content

Real-Time Simulation and Data Fusion of Navigation Sensors for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles

  • Conference paper
Advances and Innovations in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering

Abstract

This paper presents an integrated navigation tool developed in the framework of an advanced study on navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. The study aimed at testing innovative navigation sensor configurations to support fully autonomous flight even during landings and other critical mission phases. The tool is composed of sensor simulation and data fusion software. The most important navigation sensors that are installed onboard an unmanned aircraft have been modeled: i.e. inertial, GPS, air data, high accuracy altimeter, and magnetometer. Their model included every non negligible error source that has been documented in the literature. Moreover, a specific sensor data fusion algorithm has been developed that integrates inertial sensor measurements with GPS and radar altimeter measurements. The paper reports on numerical testing of sensor simulator and data fusion algorithm. The algorithm was coded for real time implementation to perform hardware–in-the-loop validation and in flight tests onboard a small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Office of the Secretary of Defense, “UAV Roadmap 2002-2007,” Department of Defense, Washington DC, 2002, pp. 153-164.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Kayton, M. and Fried, W.R., “Avionics Navigation Systems,” 2nd ed., Wiley-Interscience, New York NY, 1997, pp. 600-607.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kaminer, I., Yakimenko, O., Dobrokhodov, V., and Jones, K., “Rapid Flight Test Prototyping System and the Fleet of UAV’s and MAVs at the Naval Postgraduate School,” AIAA-2004-6491, AIAA, 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Conference, Chicago IL, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kingston, D., and Beard, D., “Real-Time Attitude and Position Estimation for Small UAVs Using Low-Cost Sensors,” AIAA-2004-6488, AIAA, 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Conference, Chicago IL, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Johnson, E., Schrage, D., Prasad, J., and Vachtsevanos, G., “UAV Flight Test Programs at Georgia Tech,” AIAA-2004-6492, 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Conference, Chicago IL, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Savage, P., “Strapdown Analytics,” Strapdown Associates Inc., Minneapolis MN, 2002, Chap. 15.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Farrell, J.A., and Barth, M., “The Global Positioning System & Inertial Navigation,” McGraw Hill Professional, New York NY, 1998, pp 135-139, pp 241-257.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Grewal, M.S., Weill, L.R., and Andrews, A.P., “Global Positioning System, Inertial Navigation and Integration,” John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, 2002, pp 14-37, pp 103-130.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rogers, R.M., “Applied Mathematics in Integrated Navigation Instruments,” AIAA Education Series, AIAA, Washington DC, 2000, pp 18-94, pp 163-177.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Chatfield, A.B., “Fundamentals of High Accuracy Inertial Navigation,” AIAA Press, Washington DC, 1997, pp. 267-271.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Johnson, E.N., Proctor, A.A., Ha, J., and Tannenbaum, A.R., “Development and Test of Highly Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,” AIAA, Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information and Communication, Vol. 1, Issue 12, 2004, pp. 485-501.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Walter, B.E., Knutzon, J.S., Sannier, A.V., and Oliver, J.H., “Virtual UAV Ground Control Station,” AIAA-2004-6230, AIAA, 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Conference, Chicago IL, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Evans, J., Inalhan, G., Jang, J.S., Teo, R., and Tomlin, C.J., “Dragonfly: a Versatile UAV Platform for the Advancement of Aircraft Navigation and Control,” IEEE, Proceedings of Digital Avionics Systems, Vol. 1, Daytona Beach, FL, 2001, pp. 1C3/1 - 1C3/12.

    Google Scholar 

  14. CAST LLC., “Navigation Simulator (NAVSIM) Product Brochure,” Billerica, MA, URL: http://www.castnav.com/cast_pdf/cast_navsim.pdf, [cited 27 July 2005].

    Google Scholar 

  15. GPSoft LLC., “Inertial Navigation System TOOLBOX Users’s Guide,” Athens, OH, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  16. GPSoft LLC., “Satellite Navigation TOOLBOX Users’s Guide,” Athens, OH, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Gold, K., and Brown, A., “Architecture and Performance Testing of a Software GPS Receiver for Space-based Applications,” IEEE, Proceedings of Aerospace Conference, Big Sky MT, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  18. The Mathworks Inc., “Using Matlab (version 6) ,” Natick, MA, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Amendola, A., Pecora, M., Mingione, G., and Mercurio, U., “CRX3 – The CIRA High Altitude Long Endurance UAV,” AIDAA, Proc. of 17th Congress of Italian Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Rome, Italy, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Dauderstadt, U.A., Sarro, P.M., and Middelhoek, S., “Temperature Dependence and Drift of a Thermal Accelerometer,” IEEE, Proc. of International Conference on Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, Chicago IL, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Esposito, F., Accardo, D., and Moccia, A., “An Integrated GPS/INS System for Mini-UAVs Autonomous Navigation,” AIDAA, Proc. of 17th Congress of Italian Association of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIDAA), Vol. 3, Rome, Italy, 2003, pp-1615-1623.

    Google Scholar 

  22. McDonald, K.D., “The Modernization of GPS: Plans, New Capabilities and the Future Relationship to Galileo,” Journal of Global Positioning Systems [online journal], Vol. 1, Issue 1, Paper 1, URL: http://www.gmat.unsw.edu.au/wang/jgps/ [cited 27 July 2005].

    Google Scholar 

  23. Accardo, D., Esposito, F., and Moccia, A.., “Low-cost Avionics for Autonomous Navigation Software/Hardware Testing,” IEEE, Proc. of 2004 International Aerospace Conference, Big Sky MT, USA, 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Haymes, R.C., “Introduction to Space Science,” John Wiley & Sons, New York NY, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lundberg, J.B., and Schutz, B.E., “Recursion Formulas of Legendre Functions for Use with Nonsingular Geopotential Models,” AIAA, Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Vol. 11, 1988, pp 32-38.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mueller, A.C., “A Fast Recursive Algorithm for Calculating the Forces Due to the Geopotential,” NASA JSC Internal Note No. 75-FM-42, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Roithmayr, C., “Contributions of Spherical Harmonics to Magnetic and Gravitational Fields,” EG2-96-02, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  28. The Mathworks Inc., “Simulink™ Aerospace Blockset Manual”, Natick MA, 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Collinson, R.P.G., “Introduction to Avionics Systems,” 2nd ed., Springer, London, UK, 2002, pp. 355-392.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Accardo D., Esposito F., Moccia A., and Russo M., “Performance Evaluation of Different Sensor Configurations for Autonomous Navigation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles,” 10th Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems, Saint Petersburg, Russia, 2003

    Google Scholar 

  31. Allison., T., “An Introduction to Carrier Phase and RTK Initialization,” Proc. of Trimble User Conference, San Jose CA, 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

Esposito, F., Accardo, D., Moccia, A., Ciniglio, U., Corraro, F., Garbarino, L. (2007). Real-Time Simulation and Data Fusion of Navigation Sensors for Autonomous Aerial Vehicles. In: Elleithy, K. (eds) Advances and Innovations in Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6264-3_24

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6264-3_24

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-6263-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-6264-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics