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The Impact of HIV Infection on Tuberculosis in Africa

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HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa

Part of the book series: International Studies in Population ((ISIP,volume 6))

Tuberculosis (TB) notification rates in Africa have doubled since the early 1980s, with the largest rises in countries most affected by the HIV epidemic. HIV increases the risk of TB in those latently infected with M tuberculosis and increases the risk of active disease soon after new infection or re-infection with M tuberculosis. Overall, the risk of TB in those with HIV infection is about four to ten times that in those without HIV infection. The risk starts to rise soon after infection with HIV, and continues to increase with progressive immunosuppression. At a population level, the relative risk for the association of HIV and TB increases as the HIV epidemic progresses, and will continue to increase for some time after a fall in HIV incidence due to the long latent period of HIV. The proportion of TB currently directly attributable to HIV in Africa has been estimated at 31%, but the true impact of HIV on TB will be even greater because of onward transmission from the extra TB cases. Antiretroviral treatment for advanced HIV-disease can decrease the risk of TB, but would have to be used early and extensively to have a large effect at the population level.

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  1. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK

    Judith R. Glynn

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  1. Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 avenue F D Roosevelt, B-1050, Brussels, Belgium

    Michel Caraël

  2. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, WC1E 7HT, London, UK

    Judith R. Glynn

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Glynn, J.R. (2007). The Impact of HIV Infection on Tuberculosis in Africa. In: Caraël, M., Glynn, J.R. (eds) HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa. International Studies in Population, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_11

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