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Extreme Acidophiles

Freshwater Algae Associated with Acid Mine Drainage

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Book cover Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments

Part of the book series: Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology ((COLE,volume 11))

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a phenomenon commonly associated with mining activities throughout the world. This acidification is the consequence of sulfides in rock strata becoming exposed to water and oxygen (see Section 1.2). The low pH of AMD-contaminated water bodies may resemble that of some naturally occurring freshwater systems that harbor acidophiles. For example, regions of the West Coast of the South Island of New Zealand have streams and rivers with naturally low pH produced by leaching of fumic and fluvic acids from podocarp rainforests, as well as artificially low pH systems caused by AMD (Collier et al., 1990). Ancient low-pH environments generated by volcanism may have been crucial for the origin of life on Earth (e.g., Holm and Andersson, 2005; Phoenix et al., 2006), and thus habitats resembling AMD have probably existed for billions of years. Distinctly, however, extremely acidic habitats from anthropogenic sources are associated with a massive burden of spoil and heavy metals. AMD began during the industrial revolution, and now accounts for most of the extremely acidic habitats worldwide (Johnson, 1998).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Allan Herbarium, Landcare Research, 69, 8152, Lincoln, New Zealand

    Phil M. Novis Ph.D

  2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand

    Jon S. Harding Ph.D

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  1. Phil M. Novis Ph.D
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  2. Jon S. Harding Ph.D
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  1. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mevo Hadas 20, 1132, 90435, Efrat, Israel

    Joseph Seckbach Ph.D

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Novis, P.M., Harding, J.S. (2007). Extreme Acidophiles. In: Seckbach, J. (eds) Algae and Cyanobacteria in Extreme Environments. Cellular Origin, Life in Extreme Habitats and Astrobiology, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6112-7_24

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