Inter-annual variability of surface ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over Europe has been studied over the period 1958–2003 using a three-dimensional Chemistry-Transport Model coupled to meteorological data from the ERA40 data set produced at the European Centre of Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Emissions and boundary conditions were kept at present levels throughout the simulation period. It was found that the annual mean NO2 concentration varies between ±50% and the summer mean O3 concentration varies between −10 and +20 percent (%) compared to the 46-year average over the model domain. There is also variation in ozone and NO2 over longer time scales. The last 22 years display high concentrations of ozone in central and south-western Europe and low concentrations in north-eastern Europe. The first 22 years display very high concentrations of NO2 over the North Sea. There is indication of trends in ozone and nitrogen dioxide but this has to be investigated further. Such information is one factor that should be taken into account when considering future control strategies.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bott, A. (1989). A positive definite advection scheme obtained by non-linear renormalization of advective fluxes. Monthly Weather Review, 117, 1006–1015.
EMEP/CCC (1999). EMEP measurement data (available online URL: http://www.emep.int, Jan. and Jul. 2001 (ozone) and Apr. 2003 (other compounds)).
Gidhagen, L., Johansson, C., Langner, J., & Foltescu, V. L. (2005). Urban scale modeling of particle number concentration in Stockholm. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 1711–1725.
Grennfelt, P., & Hov, Ø. (2005). Regional air pollution at a turning point. Ambio, XXXIV(1), 47–53.
Hjellbrekke, A. G. (2001). Data report 1999. Acidifying and eutrophying compounds. Part 2: Monthly and seasonal summaries.,’ EMEP/CCC-report 03/2001 (available online URL: http://www.nilu.no, 25 May 2005).
Kovac, N. (2002). Mandatory data checking for the EMEP assessment, Environmental Agency of Slovenia, Monitoring office, air quality section, 2 pp. (available online URL: http://www.nilu.no/projects/ccc/sitedescriptions/si/index.html, 27 May 2005).
Langner, J., Bergström, R., & Foltescu, V. L. (2005). Impact of climate change on surface ozone and deposition of sulphur and nitrogen in Europe. Atmospheric Environment, 39, 1129–1141.
Langner, J., Bergström, R., & Pleijel, K. (1998). European scale modeling of sulphur, oxidized nitrogen and photo-chemical oxidants. Model development and evaluation for the 1994 growing season, SMHI report, RMK No. 82, Swedish Met. and Hydrol. Inst., Norrköping, Sweden.
Pal, J. S., Giorgi, F., & Bi, X. Q. (2004). Consistency of recent European summer precipitation trends and extremes with future regional climate projections. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L13202, doi 10.129/2004GL019836.
Robertson, L., Langner, J., & Engardt, M. (1999). An Eulerian limited-area atmospheric transport model. Journal of Applied Medicine, 38, 190–210.
Simpson, D., Andersson-Sköld, Y., & Jenkin, M. E. (1993). Updating the chemical scheme for the EMEP MSC-W oxidant model: Current status. EMEP MSC-W note 2/93.
Simpson, D., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., & Steinbrecher, R. (1995). Biogenic emissions in Europe. 1. Estimates and uncertainties. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 22875.
Solberg, S., Derwent, R. G., Hov, Ø., Langner, J., & Lindskog, A. (2005). European abatement of surface ozone in a global perspective. Ambio, XXXIV(1), 47–53.
Uppala, S., Kållberg, P., Hernandez, A., Saarinen, S., Fiorino, M., Li, X., et al. (2004). ERA40:ECMWF 45-year reanalysis of the global atmosphere and surface conditions 1957–2002. ECMWF Newsletter, 101, 2–21.
van Loon, M., Roemer, M. G. M., Builtjes, P. J. H., Bessagnet, B., Rouil, L., Christensen, J., et al. (2004). Model intercomparison. In the framework of the review of the unified EMEP model’, TNO-report, TNO-MEP - R 2004/282, 53 pp.
Vestreng, V., Adams, M., & Goodwin, J. (2004). Inventory review 2004, Emission Data reported to CLRTAP and under the NEC Directive,’ EMEP/EEA joint review report, EMEP/MSC-W note 1/2004. ISSN 0804–2446.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer Science + Business Media B.V
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Andersson, C., Langner, J. (2007). Inter-annual Variations of Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide Over Europe During 1958–2003 Simulated with a Regional CTM. In: Brimblecombe, P., Hara, H., Houle, D., Novak, M. (eds) Acid Rain - Deposition to Recovery. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5885-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5885-1_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5884-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5885-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)