Abstract
The choice of the area under investigation takes into consideration several important aspects: heavily populated villages; type of drinking water as groundwater; its situation on the west side of the Nile near the intersection point between the Nile and its Delta; its neighborhood to the desert of Giza governorate; and its closeness to highly industrial and agricultural activities. The present study is an extension of an early study on drinking groundwater in the southern part of the area under investigation, namely Kafr Hakim village. The current paper covers an area from Kafr Hakim in the south to Nekla in the north, surrounded by the Moheet drain in the east and the Mansourya canal in the west.
Twenty ground and surface water samples were taken from some wells of depths from 20 – 100 m and from some surface water drains in the same area. The exact positioning of each sample was precisely determined using GPS instruments. The samples were analyzed and environmentally characterized through various important cations such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cd, Zn, Pb, Fe and Mn, using atomic absorption technique. The anions determined using either spectrophotometric or ion-chromatographic methods; they included bicarbonate, sulphate, acetate, chlorides, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates. All above-measured parameters were presented using the newly developed geographic information systems (GIS), which facilitates the presentation of final results. This manuscript sheds light on the evaluation of these water samples as potable according to international and the Egyptian regulations. Also a trial is made to explain any unusual and abnormal data with some recommendations for remediation.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
a. El Beialy, A.; Bersi, A.; Abdulmohesen, sh.; Kotb, A.; Emara, M.,(2003),Cadmium Toxicity and Human Health Impact:A possible Cause of Osteomalsia and Osteoporosis in Pollutet Areas, Sc.J., Az.,Med.,Fac.(Girls), Vol.24. No.2, May, 2003:1069:1078. b. Kotb, A.; Nasr, I. M. and El-Beialy, A. (2004): Groundwater pollution and its health impacts, El-Giza Governorate, Nile valley, Egypt. Egyt. J. Biophys. Biomed Engng.vol.5. No.1 pp.59–72.
Shata A.A. (1988): Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists.” Vol xxv, No2, pp. 149–183
RIGW (1989) “Hydrogeological Map of Egypt”, National water Research Center, El-Kanater, Egypt.
El-Arabi N.E. (1999), “Problems of Groundwater Quality Related to the Urban Environment in Greater Cairo” Proceedings of International Symposium “Impacts of Urban Growth on Surface water and Groundwater Quality. (UGG)”, Burmingham, UK, 18-30 July 1999. IAHS Publication no. 259, ISBN 1-901502-06-6, pp. 29–39.
Platenburg R.J., Hoencamp T.E. and El-Arabi N.E. (1997), “Soil quality management at industrial sites: Dutch experiences relevant for Egyptian context”. In: Proc. Environment 97. First International Conference and Trade fair on Environmental Management and Technologies, (February 1997, Cairo. Egypt), vol 2.
Hefny K. and Khalil J.B. (1989), “General Hydrogeological conditions of Greater Cairo Area” J. of water Science, Water Research Center. 5th Issue.
Awad S.R. (1993), Pollution of Groundwater Resources in the Southern Part of the Nile Delta, Egypt, and its Impacts on Development Plans”. M.Sc. thesis. Fac. of Sc. Menoufia University.
Diab M.S., Abd El-Latif T. and Abd El-Baki A.A (1982), “Groundwater Occurrences in the southern sector of Cairo Alexandria desert Road” Ann. of Geol. Surv. Egypt, vol. x, p. 797–805.
Diab M.S. (1982) “Groundwater Pollution in the Quaternary Aquifer under the Nile Delta, Egypt”. J. Geol, special volume, Part 2, pp. 135–144.
Lasheen M.R., Abdel Shafy H.I. and Ashmawy A.M. (1982), “Trace Metals in Ismailia canal in D. Stukey and A. Hamza (eds) Management of Industrail wastewater in Developing Nations.” Proceedings of the International Symposium, Alex., March.
Ahmed, K. A. (2002), Hydrogeological Studies on the Groundwater aquifers in the northwest Cairo between Abou Rawash and Gebel Hamza”, M.Sc. thesis, Al-Azhar University.
Lanfear, K. (1989), Guest editorial “Geological Information System and water resources applications”. Water Resources. Bull. Vol. 25, pp. v–vi.
Emara, M. M., Kotb, A., El Beialy, A and Bersy, A., (2004) Evaluation of Bottled Drinking Water in Egypt, Biannual Conference on Chemistry (Chem03), Fac. of sc., Cairo, univ., Vol. 1, pp. 288–304.
Tolba, M. E., Kotb, A.M. and El-Beialy, A. (2004)Environmental Assessment of Groundwater in Qaret Um El-Saghir, North Western Desert, Egypt and its Health Effects, Egypt. Egyt. J. Biophys. Biomed Engng.Vol. 5, pp. 87–103.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Emara, M.M., El Sabagh, I., Kotb, A., Turkey, A.S., Husseen, D. (2007). Evaluation of Drinking Groundwater for the Rural Areas Adjacent to the Nearby Desert of Giza Governorate of Greater Cairo, Egypt. In: Linkov, I., Kiker, G.A., Wenning, R.J. (eds) Environmental Security in Harbors and Coastal Areas. NATO Security through Science Series. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5802-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5802-8_27
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-5800-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-5802-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)