Skip to main content

SLIP4EX – A program for routine slope stability analysis to include the effects of vegetation, reinforcement and hydrological changes

  • Conference paper
Eco-and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 103))

Abstract

SLIP4EX is a straightforward computer program developed in connection with the EU funded ECOSLOPES project for routine stability analysis and the assessment of the contribution of vegetation to slope stability. The slope section is drawn up and dimensions and parameters are fed in to the Microsoft Excel based program for stability calculations and comparisons of Factors of Safety using different methods of analysis (Bishop, Janbu, Fellenius, Simple, Greenwood). The background and assumptions involved in the derivation of each of the methods is briefly described. The simplicity of the program enables the user to understand the nature of the analysis, explore the parameter assumptions made and compare the different methods of analysis. Soil reinforcement by geosynthetic layers or anchors, and vegetation effects of enhanced cohesion, changed water pressures, mass of vegetation, wind forces and root reinforcement forces are readily included in the analysis. The program is freely available on request from the author.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Bishop A W 1955 The use of the slip circle in the stability analysis of earth slopes. Geotechnique, 5(1), 7–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coppin N J and Richards I G (J.R. Greenwood) 1990 Contribution to CIRIA publication on Use of Vegetation in Civil Engineering, pp. 179–182, Butterworths, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fellenius W 1936 Calculation of the Stability of Earth Dams 4, Trans. 2nd Int. Cong. Large Dams, Washington, pp. 445–459.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finlayson D M, Greenwood J R, Cooper C G and Simons N E 1984 Lessons to be learnt from an embankment failure. Proc. Inst. Civ. Engs., 76, 207–220. Part 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1983 A simple approach to slope stability. Ground Eng., 16(4), 45–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1985 Wedge analysis of embankment instability during construction of the M25 Motorway, In ICE Int. Symp. on Earthworks Failures, 6–7 March 1985, pp. 403–405.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R, Holt D A and Herrick G W 1985 Shallow slips in highway embankments constructed of overconsolidated clay, In ICE Int. Symp. on Earthworks Failures, 6–7 March 1985, pp. 69–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1986 Stability analysis of reinforced slopes. Highways and Transportation, Oct. 1986, pp. 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1987 Effective Stress Stability Analysis. Discussion in 9th European Conference on Soil mechanics and Foundations, Dublin, Sept. 1987. Vol 3, post conference proceedings, Balkema, 1989, pp. 1082–1083.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1989 Design approach for slope repairs and embankment widening. Reinforced Embankments Symposium, Cambridge, Sept. 1989, Thomas Telford Ltd., pp. 51–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R 1990 Inclusion of reinforcement forces in stability analysis. Communication in 4th International Conference on Geotextiles Geomembranes and Related Products, The Hague, May 1990, pp. 114, 997–999.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R and Zytynski M 1993 Stability analysis of reinforced slopes. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 12, 413–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R, Vickers A W, Morgan, R P C, Coppin N J and Norris J E 2001 Bioengineering The Longham Wood Cutting Field Trial, CIRIA Project Report 81, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R, Norris J E, Wint J and Barker D H 2003 Bioengineering and the transportation infrastructure, In Proceedings of the Symposium on Transportation Geotechnics, EMGG, Nottingham, September 2003. Thomas Telford, pp. 205–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood J R, Norris J E and Wint J 2004 Assessing the contribution of vegetation to slope stability, J. Geotech. Eng., 157(4), 99–208.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janbu N 1954 Application of composite slip surface for stability analysis, In Proceedings of European Conference on Stability of Earth Slopes, Stockholm.

    Google Scholar 

  • Janbu N, Bjerrum L and Kjaernsli B 1956 Soil mechanics applied to some engineering problems. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Oslo Publication No. 16, Chs 1 and 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krahn J 2001 R.M. Hardy Keynote Address “The limits of limit equilibrium analysis”, Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Calgary, Sept. 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambe T W and Whitman R V 1969 Soil Mechanics, pp. 363–365. Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison I M and Greenwood J R 1989 Assumptions in simplified slope stability analysis by the method of slices, Geotechnique, 39(3), 503–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norris J E and Greenwood J R 2000 In situ shear and pull out testing to demonstrate the enhanced shear strength of root reinforced soil. In Proceedings of the 8th International Symposium on Landslides, Cardiff, June 2000, pp. 1123–1128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris J E and Greenwood J R 2003 Root reinforcement on unstable slopes in Northern Greece and Central Italy. In International Conference on Problematic Soils, Nottingham, July 2003, Nottingham Trent University, pp. 414–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turnbull W J and M J, Hvorslev (1967) Special problems in slope stability. Proceedings of the ASCE, 93(SM4), 499–528.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

ALEXIA STOKES IOANNIS SPANOS JOANNE E. NORRIS ERIK CAMMERAAT

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

Greenwood, J.R. (2007). SLIP4EX – A program for routine slope stability analysis to include the effects of vegetation, reinforcement and hydrological changes. In: STOKES, A., SPANOS, I., NORRIS, J.E., CAMMERAAT, E. (eds) Eco-and Ground Bio-Engineering: The Use of Vegetation to Improve Slope Stability. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 103. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5593-5_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics