Abstract
Heat shock proteins have a profound effect on the immune response. Extracellular uptake of antigen-bound HSP can be presented by both MHC class II and class I. Maturation of DC is stimulated by HSP, upregulating the costimulatory molecules CD40, CD80 and CD86, as well as MHC class II, all of which enhance immune responses. The state of maturity of DC may be significant in the balance between immunity and tolerance. Innate immunity is elicited by the production of CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-12 and TNF- α . These extracellular chemokines attract the entire repertoire of immune cells, and the interleukins modulate the cellular responses resulting in effective immunity. Human lymphoid cell activation by microbial Hsp70 appears to be mediated by CD40, expressed mostly by DC and macrophages, and CCR5 in T cells and immature DC. The CD40 molecule is part of the CD40-CD40L costimulatory pathway and the emerging alternative CD40-Hsp70 pathway might prove to be useful in rectifying CD40L deficient states. The CCR5 chemokine receptor is also bound and stimulated by Hsp70 to produce chemokines and cytokines. Thus, Hsp70 may function both as a systemic and mucosal adjuvant in vaccination and as a designer adjuvant in HIV-1 immunization
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Lehner, T., Wang, Y., Whittall, T., Bergmeier, L.A., Babaahmady, K., Kelly, C. (2007). Hsp-Induced Stimulation of Immune Responses. In: Asea, A.A., Maio, A.D. (eds) Heat Shock Proteins: Potent Mediators of Inflammation and Immunity. Heat Shock Proteins, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5585-0_11
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