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Macroinvertebrate abundance, water chemistry, and wetland characteristics affect use of wetlands by avian species in Maine

  • Chapter
Limnology and Aquatic Birds

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 189))

Abstract

Our objective was to determine use by avian species (e.g., piscivores, marsh birds, waterfowl, selected passerines) of 29 wetlands in areas with low (<200 μeq l−1) acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) in south-eastern Maine. We documented bird, pair, and brood use during 1982– 1984 and in 1982 we sampled 10 wetlands with a sweep net to collect invertebrates. We related mean numbers of invertebrates per wetland to water chemistry, basin characteristics, and avian use of different wetland types. Shallow, beaver (Castor canadensis)-created wetlands with the highest phosphorus levels and abundant and varied macrophyte assemblages supported greater densities of macroinvertebrates and numbers of duck broods (88.3% of all broods) in contrast to deep, glacial type wetlands with sparse vegetation and lower invertebrate densities that supported fewer broods (11.7%). Low pH may have affected some acid-intolerant invertebrate taxa (i.e., Ephemeroptera), but high mean numbers of Insecta per wetland were recorded from wetlands with a pH of 5.51. Other Classes and Orders of invertebrates were more abundant on wetlands with pH > 5.51. All years combined use of wetlands by broods was greater on wetlands with pH ≤ 5.51 (77.4%) in contract to wetlands with pH > 5.51 that supported 21.8% of the broods. High mean brood density was associated with mean number of Insecta per wetland. For lentic wetlands created by beaver, those habitats contained vegetative structure and nutrients necessary to provide cover to support invertebrate populations that are prey of omnivore and insectivore species. The fishless status of a few wetlands may have affected use by some waterfowl species and obligate piscivores.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 5768 South Annex A, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Jerry R. Longcore & Daniel G. McAuley

  2. U.S. Geological Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, MD, 20708, USA

    Grey W. Pendelton

  3. Department of Wildlife Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Carolyn Reid Bennatti

  4. Department of Entomology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04469, USA

    Terry M. Mingo

  5. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2661 Scott Tower Dr., New Franken, WI, 54229, USA

    Kenneth L. Stromborg

Authors
  1. Jerry R. Longcore
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  2. Daniel G. McAuley
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  3. Grey W. Pendelton
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  4. Carolyn Reid Bennatti
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  5. Terry M. Mingo
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  6. Kenneth L. Stromborg
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, P.O. Box 6227, Sackville, New Brunswick, E4L 1G6, Canada

    Alan R. Hanson

  2. Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, 45 Alderney Drive, 7th Floor-Queen Square, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4N6, Canada

    Joseph J. Kerekes

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Longcore, J.R., McAuley, D.G., Pendelton, G.W., Bennatti, C.R., Mingo, T.M., Stromborg, K.L. (2006). Macroinvertebrate abundance, water chemistry, and wetland characteristics affect use of wetlands by avian species in Maine. In: Hanson, A.R., Kerekes, J.J. (eds) Limnology and Aquatic Birds. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 189. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5556-0_12

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