Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

OPTICAL & SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS: INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS FOR RADIATION DETECTORS

  • Conference paper
Radiation Effects in Solids

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAII,volume 235))

Abstract

At present, scintillation detectors are widely used for the detection of nuclear radiation, especially in high-energy physics and nuclear medicine. A scintillation detector is a device that consists of a scintillator and a light detector, usually a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The role of the scintillator is to convert the energy that the ionizing radiation has lost into pulses of light. For effective absorption of penetration radiation such as γ – rays, a scintillator requires high density and a high-effective atomic number Z. For good energy resolution, a high light yield, i.e., a high number of photons emitted per unit of absorbed energy, is necessary. For good time resolution, a scintillator needs a short light pulse. The scintillator should also be transparent for emitted light so that the light could reach the light detector.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

REFERENCES

  1. A. Lempichi, A.J. Wojtovicz, E. Berman, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 333 (1993) 304

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. Lempichi, A.J. Wojtovicz, J. Lumin. 60–61 (1994) 942

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. P.A. Rodnyi, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, Phys. Status Solidi B 187 (1995) 15

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. P. Dorenbos, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 486 (2002) 208

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. C. Pedrini, D. Bouttet, C. Dujardin, A. Belsky, A. Vasil’ev, Proc. Int. Conf. on Inorganic Scintillators and their Applications, Delft University Press, The Netherlands (1996) 103

    Google Scholar 

  6. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, V.N. Makhov, M.N. Yakimenko, Sov.Phys. Solid State 29 (1987) 1092

    Google Scholar 

  7. V.N. Makhov, Proc. Int. Workshop on Heavy Scintillators for Scientific and Industrial Applications, Editions Frontieres, France (1993) 167

    Google Scholar 

  8. P. Dorenbos, J.T.M. de Haas, C.W.E. van Eijk, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-42 (1995) 2190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. C.W.E. van Eijk, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 471 (2001) 244

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, V.N. Makhov, P.A. Rodnyi, T.I. Syrejshchikova, M.N. Yakimenko, Sov. Phys. Solid State 26 (1984) 1734

    Google Scholar 

  11. J.L. Jansons, V.J. Krumins, Z.A. Rachko, J.A. Valbis, Phys. Status Solidi B 144 (1987) 835

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. P.A. Rodnyi, M.A. Terekhin, Phys. Status Solidi B 166 (1991) 283

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Kubota, M. Itoh, J. Ruan(Gen), S. Sakuragi, S. Hashimoto, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 (1988) 2319

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V.N. Makhov, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 308 (1991) 187

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. P.A. Rodnyi, Sov. Phys.–Solid State 34 (1992) 1053

    Google Scholar 

  16. C.W.E. van Eijk, J. Lumin. 60–61 (1994) 936

    Google Scholar 

  17. P.A. Rodnyi, Radiation Measurements 38 (2004) 343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, I.L. Kuusmann, P.Kh. Liblik, Ch.B. Lushchik, V.N. Makhov, T.I. Syrejshchikova, M.N. Yakimenko, Sov. Phys.–Solid State 29 (1987) 587

    Google Scholar 

  19. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, V.N. Makhov, T.I. Syrejshchikova, M.N. Yakimenko, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A, 261 (1987) 153

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, M.N. Yakimenko, Sov. Phys. Solid State 31 (1989) 1609

    Google Scholar 

  21. V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, Sov. Phys. Solid State 32 (1990) 1978

    Google Scholar 

  22. M. Itoh, S. Kubota, J. Ruan(Gen), S. Hashimoto, Rev. Solid State Sci. 4 (1990) 467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. I. Kuusmann, T. Kloiber, W. Laasch, G. Zimmerer, Rad. Effects and Defects in Solids 119 (1991) 21

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Yu.M. Aleksandrov, I.L. Kuusmann, V.N. Makhov, S.B. Mirov, T.V. Uvarova, M.N. Yakimenko, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 308 (1991) 208

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. A.S. Voloshinovskii, V.B. Mikhailik, P.A. Rodnyi, S.V. Syrotyuk, Phys. Status Solidi B 173 (1992) 739

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. A.S. Voloshinovskii, M.S. Mikhailik, V.B. Mikhailik, E.N. Mel’chakov, P.A. Rodnyi, C.W.E. van Eijk, G. Zimmerer, J. Lumin. 79 (1998) 107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. N.Yu. Kirikova, V.N. Makhov, Sov. Phys. Solid State 34 (1992) 1557

    Google Scholar 

  28. V.N. Makhov, M.A. Terekhin, I.H. Munro, C. Mythen, D.A. Shaw, J.Lumin. 72–74 (1997) 114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. I.F. Bikmetov, A.B. Sovolev, J.A. Valbis, Sov. Phys. Solid State 33 (1991) 1715

    Google Scholar 

  30. J. Andriessen, P. Dorenbos, C.W.E. van Eijk, Mol. Phys. 74 (1991) 535

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. T. Ikeda, H. Kobayashi, Y. Ohmura, H. Nakamatsu, T. Mukoyama, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 66 (1997) 1079

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Y. Kayanuma, A. Kotani, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 79 (1996) 219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. O.I. Baum, A.N. Vasil’ev, Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications, Moscow State University Press, Russia (2000) 453

    Google Scholar 

  34. T. Matsumoto, K. Kanńo, M. Itoh, N. Ohno, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 (1996) 1195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. A.N. Belsky, I.A. Kamenskikh, V.V. Mikhailin, A.N. Vasil’ev, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 79 (1996) 111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. V.N. Makhov, I. Kuusmann, J. Becker, M. Runne, G. Zimmerer, J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 101–103 (1999) 817

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. V.N. Makhov, V.N. Kolobanov, M. Kirm, S. Vielhauer, G. Zimmerer, International Journal of Modern Physics B 15 (2001) 4032

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. A.N. Vasilév, Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications, Moscow State University Press, Russia (2000) 43

    Google Scholar 

  39. K. Kimura, J. Wada, Phys. Rev. B 48 (1993) 15535

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. R.A. Glukhov, C. Pedrini, A.N. Vasil’ev, A.M. Yakunin, Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications, Moscow State University Press, Russia, (2000) 448

    Google Scholar 

  41. Ch.B. Lushchik, F.A. Savikhin, V.N. Makhov, O.V. Ryabukhin, V.Yu. Ivanov, A.V. Kruzhalov, F.G. Neshov: Physics of the Solid State 42 (2000) 1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. C.M. Combes, P. Dorenbos, R.W. Hollander, C.W.E. van Eijk, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 416 (1998) 364

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. G.H. Dieke, H.M. Crosswhite, Appl. Opt. 2 (1963) 675

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. G.H. Dieke, Spectra and Energy Levels of Rare Earth Ions in Crystals, Interscience Publishers, New York (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  45. W.T. Carnall, G.L. Goodman, K. Rajnak, R.S. Rana, A Systematic Analysis of the Spectra of the Lanthanides Doped into Single Crystal LaF3, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne Illinois (1988)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  46. R.T. Wegh, A. Meijerink, R.J. Lamminmäki, J. Hölsä, J. Lumin. 87–89 (2000) 1002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. E. Loh, Phys. Rev. 147 (1966) 332

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. R.L. Elias, Wm.S. Heaps, W.M. Yen, Phys. Rev. B 8 (1973) 4989

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Wm.S. Heaps, L.R. Elias, W.M. Yen, Phys. Rev. B 13 (1976) 94

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. K.H. Yang, J.A. De Luca, Appl. Phys. Lett. 29 (1976) 499

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. R.T. Wegh, H. Donker, A. Meijerink, Phys. Rev. B 57 (1998) R2025

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. J. Becker, J.Y. Gesland, N.Yu. Kirikova, J.C. Krupa, V.N. Makhov, M. Runne, M. Queffelec, T.Y. Uvarova, G. Zimmerer, J. Lumin. 78 (1998) 91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. R.T. Wegh, A. Meijerink, Phys. Rev. B 60 (1999) 10820

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, N.Yu. Kirikova, M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, T.V. Ouvarova, G. Zimmerer, J. Lumin. 87–89 (2000) 1005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. N.M. Khaidukov, M. Kirm, S.K. Lam, D. Lo, V.N. Makhov, G. Zimmerer, Optics Communications 184 (2000) 183

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, N.Yu. Kirikova, M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, T.V. Ouvarova, G. Zimmerer, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 470 (2001) 290

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. L. van Pieterson, M.F. Reid, G.W. Burdick, A. Meijerink, Phys. Rev. B 65 (2002) 045114

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. V.N. Makhov, N.Yu. Kirikova, M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, P. Liblik, A. Lushchik, Ch. Lushchik, E. Negodin, G. Zimmerer, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 486 (2002) 437

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. L. van Pieterson, M.F. Reid, A. Meijerink, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 (2002) 067405

    Article  PubMed  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Y. Chen, M. Kirm, E. Negodin, M. True, S. Vielhauer, G. Zimmerer, Phys. Status Solidi B 240, R1 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. P.S. Peijzel, P. Vergeer, A. Meijerink, M.F. Reid, L.A. Boatner, G.W. Burdick, Phys. Rev. B 71 (2005) 045116

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. V.N. Makhov, N.M. Khaidukov, D. Lo, J.C. Krupa, M. Kirm, E. Negodin, Optical Materials 27 (2005) 1131

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, V.N. Makhov, M. True, S. Vielhauer, G. Zimmerer, Phys. Rev. B 70 (2004) 241101

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. P. Dorenbos, Phys. Rev. B 62 (2000) 15650

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. N.Yu. Kirikova, M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, V.N. Makhov, E. Negodin, J.Y. Gesland, J. Lumin. 110 (2004) 135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. B. Henderson, G.F. Imbusch, Optical Spectroscopy of Inorganic Solids, Clarendon Press, Oxford (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  67. C.W.E. van Eijk, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 460 (2001) 1

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. V.N. Makhov, J.Y. Gesland, N.M. Khaidukov, N.Yu. Kirikova, M. Kirm, J.C. Krupa, M. Queffelec, T.V. Ouvarova, G. Zimmerer, Proc. Fifth Int. Conf. on Inorganic Scintillators and Their Applications, Moscow State University Press, Russia (2000) 369

    Google Scholar 

  69. C.W.E. van Eijk, Nucl. Instrum. & Meth. A 509 (2003) 17

    Article  ADS  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. C.L. Melcher, J.S. Schweitzer, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-39 (1992) 502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  71. B.I. Minkov, Functional Mat. 1 (1994) 103

    Google Scholar 

  72. K.S. Shah, L. Cirignano, R. Grazioso, M. Klugerman, P.R. Bennett, T.K. Gupta, W.W. Moses, M.J. Weber, S.E. Derenzo, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-49 (2002) 1655

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia

    Vladimir N. Makhov

Authors
  1. Vladimir N. Makhov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, U.S.A.

    Kurt E. Sickafus

  2. Institute for Transuranium Elements, European Commission, Joint Research Center, Karlsruhe, Germany

    Eugene A. Kotomin

  3. Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, U.S.A.

    Blas P. Uberuaga

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2007 Springer

About this paper

Cite this paper

Makhov, V.N. (2007). OPTICAL & SCINTILLATION PROPERTIES OF NONMETALS: INORGANIC SCINTILLATORS FOR RADIATION DETECTORS. In: Sickafus, K.E., Kotomin, E.A., Uberuaga, B.P. (eds) Radiation Effects in Solids. NATO Science Series, vol 235. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5295-8_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation