When poverty is widespread in urban pockets and severe in rural areas, unemployed and under-employed adults seek solutions to macro-economic changes in several ways: they have to survive for long periods without income; send their children out to work; pull girls out of school; seek assistance from religious institutions; and lean on family relationships (if they have maintained them). Female-headed households are more exposed to deprivation and, therefore, are more likely to send their children out to work. Recent studies refer to the need for a multi-dimensional approach to respond to the particular needs of working children.
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Iskandar, L. (2009). Informal Learning at Work: The Case of Working Children in Egypt. In: Maclean, R., Wilson, D. (eds) International Handbook of Education for the Changing World of Work. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5281-1_20
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