When a liquid metal is submitted to an alternating magnetic field, electromagnetic forces, called Lorentz or Laplace forces, may be created in the metal due to the interaction between the induced electric currents and the applied magnetic field. When the magnetic field is pulsating and according to its frequency f (which vanishes in the case of DC magnetic field), the electromagnetic forces generate various effects both on the bulk motion and at the free surface of the liquid metal [1–3].
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Fautrelle, Y., Sneyd, A., Etay, J. (2007). Effect of AC Magnetic Fields on Free Surfaces. In: Magnetohydrodynamics. Fluid Mechanics And Its Applications, vol 80. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4833-3_21
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