Abstract
Only in the late 1970’s did the industrialized countries begin to comprehend the enormity of the damage brought about by pollution of the geosphere. Although the harm caused by the use of DDT and other organochlorine pesticides was already noted by Rachel Carson in her 1962 seminal book ‘Silent Spring’, the first major institutional move to stop pollution and reclaim polluted land was in 1978, when the Love Canal neighborhood was evacuated and the U.S. Superfund program initiated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
REFERENCES
AMAP ‘Arctic Pollution Issues, 1998: A State of the Arctic Environment Report’, Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Oslo, p.188.
Auman H. J., Ludwig J. P., Summer C. L., Verbrugge D. A., Froese K. L., Colborn T. and Giesy J. P., 1997, PCBs, DDE, DDT, and TCDD-EQ in two species of albatross on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, north Pacific Ocean. Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 16, 498–504.
Beltman W. H. J., Boesten J. J. T. I. and S. E. A. T. M van der Zee, 1995, Analytical modeling of pesticide transport from the soil surface to a drinking water well. J. Hydrol. 169, 209–228.
Blanchard M., Teil M. J., Ollivon D., Garban B., Chesterikoff C. and Chevreuil M., 2001, Origin and distribution of polyaromatic hydrocarbons and polyclorobiphenyls in urban effluents to wastewater treatment plants of the Paris area (France), Water Res., 35, 3679–3687.
Carsel R. F., Smith C. N., Mulkey L. A., Dean J. D. and Jowise P., 1984, User’s Manual for the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) Release 1, EPA-600/3-84–109.US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA.
Cousins I. T., Gevao B. and Jones K. C., 1999, Measuring and modeling the vertical distribution of semivolatile organic compounds in soil. I: PCB and PAH soil core data, Chemosphere. 39,2507–2518.
EPA U.S., 2000, First Annual 1999 Accomplishments Report, EPA’s Agency-wide Multimedia Persistent, Bioaccumulative, and Toxic Pollutants Initiative. EPA 742-R-00- 003, (2000).
Fernandez P. and Grimalt J. O., 2003, On the global distribution of persistent organic pollutants, Chimia, 57, 514–521.
FOCUS, 1997, Leaching models and EU registration. DG VI. European Commission, Doc. 4952/VI/95, Brussels, pp.123.
Gladen B. C., Doucet J., and Hansen L. G., 2003, Assessing human polychlorinated biphenyl contamination for epidemiologic studies: lessons from patterns of congener concentrations in Canadians in 1992, Environ. Health Perspect., 111, 437–443.
Graber E. R., Gerstl Z., Fisher E. and Mingelgrin U., 1995, Enhanced transport of atrazine under irrigation with effluent, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 59, 1513–1519.
Hollis J. M., 1988-1990, Assessments of the vulnerabiliy of aquifers and surface waters to contamination by pesticides. Research Report of the Soil Survey and Land Research Centre for U.K. MAFF.
Hoogeweg C. G. and Hornsby A. G., 1995, Pesticide risk assessment in a watershed using GIS. Applications of GIS to the modeling of non-point source pollutants in the vadose zone, ASA-CSSASSSA Bouyoucos Conference, Mission Inn, Riverside, CA.
Iwata H., Tanabe S., Ueda K. and Tatsukawa R., 1995, Persistent organochlorine residues in air, water, sediments, and soil from Lake Baikal region, Russia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 29, 792–801.
Jarvis N. J., Bersgtrom L. F., and Brown C. D., 1995, in: Environmental Behaviour of Agrochemicals, edited by T. R. Roberts and P. C. Kearny, (Wiley, New York), pp.196–220.
Jury W. A., and Ghodrati R., 1989, in: Reactions and Movement of Organic Chemicals in Soils, Soil Science Society of America, Special Publications, 22, pp. 271–304.
Jury W. A., Spencer W.F., and Farmer W. J., 1984, Behavior assessment model for trace organics in soil: III. Application of screening model. J. Environ. Qual. 13, 573–579.
Khan M. A. and Liang T., 1989, Mapping pesticide contamination potential. Environ. Mgmt. 13, 233–242.
Kleveno J. J., Loague K., and Green R. E., 1992, Evaluation of a pesticide mobility index: impact of recharge variation and soil profile heterogeneity. J. Contam. Hydrol. 11, 83–99.
Krauss M., Wilcke W. and Zech W., 2000, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and plolychlorinated biphenyls in forest soils: depth distribution as indicator of different fate, Environ. Pollut., 110,79–88.
Laskowski D. A., Goring C. A. I., McCall P. J., and Swann R .L., 1982, in: Environmental Risk Analysis for Chemicals, edited by R. A. Conway (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp.198–240.
Loague K., Bernknopf R. L., Green R. E. and Giambelluca T. W., 1996, Uncertainty of Groundwater Vulnerability Assessments for Agricultural Regions in Hawaii: Review. J. Environ. Qual. 25, 475–490.
Mahmood R. J. and Sims R.C., 1986, Mobility of organics in land treatment systems. J. Environ. Eng. 112(2), 236–245.
McFarland V. A and Clarke J. U., 1989, Environmental occurrence, abundance, and potential toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners: consideration for a congener-specific analysis, Environ. Health Perspect., 81, 225–239.
Meeks Y. J. and Dean J. D., 1990, Evaluating ground-water vulnerability to pesticides. J. Water Res. Planning Mgmt. 116(5), 693–707.
Meijer S. N., Ockenden W. A., Sweetman A., Breivik K., Grimalt J. O., and Jones K. C., 2003, Global distribution and budget of PCBs and HCB in background surface soils. Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 667–672.
Mingelgrin U. and Biggar J. W., 1986, Copper species in aqueous sewage sludge extract, Water, Air Soil Pollut., 28, 35l-359.
Muir D. C. G., Wagemann R., Hargrave B. T., Thomas D. J., Peakall D. B., Norstrom R. J., 1992, Arctic ecosystem contamination. Sci. Total Environ. 122, 75–134.
Munthe J. and Palm A., 2003, editors, The Atmospheric Cycling of Mercury and Persistent Organic Pollutants. Final Report, submitted to EUROTRAC-2 (A EUREKA Environmental Project), MEPOP, International Scientific Secretariat, GSF - National Research Center for Environment and Health Munich, Germany.
Pham T. T. and Proulx S., 1997 PCBs and PAHs in the Montreal urban community (Quebec, Canada) wastewater treatment plant and in the effluent plume in the St Lawrence River, Water Res., 31, 1887–1896.
Pollution Online, April 19, 2002; http://www.pollutiononline.com.
Rao P. S. C., Hornsby A. G., and Jessup R. E., 1985, Indices for ranking the potential for pesticide contamination of groundwater. Soil and Crop Sci. Soc. Florida Proc. 44, 1–8.
Tanabe S., 1988, PCB problems in the future: foresight from current knowledge. Environ. Pollut. 50, 5–28.
Tanabe S., Iwata H. and Tatsukawa R., 1994, Global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals. Sci. Total Environ. 154, 163–177.
Terry W., Griffin P.G. and Watson K. W., 2001, A comparison of field techniques for confirming dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs); http://www.containment. fsu.edu/cd/content/pdf/203.pdf.
Vanclooster M., Boesten J. J. T. I., Trevisan M., Brown C. D., Capri E., Eklo O. M., Gottesburen B., Gouy V., and A. M. A. van der Linden, 2000, A European test of pesticide-leaching models: methodology and major recommendations, Agric. Water Manage. 44, 1–19.
Vulkan R., Mingelgrin U., Ben-Asher J. and Frenkel H., 2002, Characterization and time dependence of transition metal speciation in the solution of a sandy soil amended with sewage sludge, J. Environ. Qual. 31, 193–203.
Zee van der S. E. A. T. M. and Boesten J.J.T.I., 1991, Effects of soil heterogeneity on pesticide leaching to groundwater. Water Resource. Res. 27, 3051–3063.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mingelgrin, U., Nasser, A. (2006). DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINANTS IN THE GEOSPHERE. In: Twardowska, I., Allen, H.E., Häggblom, M.M., Stefaniak, S. (eds) Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation. NATO Science Series, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_1
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4726-8
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4728-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)