Abstract
River dynamics play an important role in the formation of deltaic and fluvial deposits. Typical scenarios comprise long periods of low discharge and sedimentation rates, alternating with flooding events that are characterised by very high erosion and deposition rates. A general problem in reconstructing the scenarios that led to the formation of fluvio-deltaic deposits is the lack of liquid and solid discharge data covering long time intervals. The objective of this study is to present a statistical method that allows the simulation of long time series of fluvial discharge from comparatively short historic records. The method captures temporal variability of river discharge by a stochastic two-parameter model. Model parameters are obtained by statistical analysis of discharge data from modern catchments, based on the hypothesis that long-term average discharge is lognormally distributed. The Discharge Model for Basins (DMB) extends this method to ancient fluvial systems by estimation of climate and catchment parameters. The method is illustrated with data sets of the Terek and Volga Rivers (Russian Federation). The Kura River (Azerbaijan) is presented as a test case in which parameters are estimated from a hydrological database of major European rivers. Tests show that the model is capable of producing estimated monthly and yearly discharge sequences comparable to measured time series, which comprise flooding events. DMB simulations of liquid and solid river-mouth discharge can be used as input for stratigraphic simulation models
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Aybulatov D (2001) Hydrology of the Caspian Rivers. Department of Hydrology. Moscow, Moscow State University Thesis Type (in Russian)
Bedient PB, Huber WC (2002) Frequency analysis. In: Bedient PB, Huber WC Hydrology and floodplain analysis. Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, pp168–235
Belyayev IP (1971) Hydrology of the Kura delta. Leningrad. Hydrometrological Editions 323 (in Russian)
Birkinshaw SJ, Ewen J (2000) Modelling nitrate transport in the Slapton Wood catchment using SHETRAN. Journal of Hydrology 230(1–2):18–33
Black F, Scholes M (1973) The pricing of options and coporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy 81(May–June):637–659
Bousquet M, Frencken K (1997) Irrigation in the countries of the former Soviet Unions in figures, FAO 1997.http://www.fao.org/docorep/W6240E/w6240e00.htm
Bryant M, Falk P, Paola C (1995). Experimental study of avulsion frequency and rate deposition. Geology 23(4):365–368
Coppus R, Imeson AC (2002) Extreme events controlling erosion and sediment transport in a semi-arid sub-Andean valley. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27:1365–1375
Fleming G, Frost L (2002) Flooding and flood estimation. In: Fleming G (ed) Flood risk. London, Thomas Telford Publishing, pp 1–27
Foley J (2003) Global river discharge database, Center for sustainability and the global environment
Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies (2003) University of Wisconsin. 2003. http://www.sage.wisc.edu/riverdata/
Hull JC (1997) Model of the behaviour of stock prices. In: Hull JC (ed) Options, futures, and other derivatives. Upper Saddel River, Prentice-Hall, pp 209–225
Knox JC (1984) Fluvial response to small scale climate change. Developments and applications in geomorphology. Heidelberg, Springer-Verlag, pp 318–342
Kroonenberg SB, Rusakov GV, Svitoch AA (1997) The wandering of the Volga delta: a response to rapid Caspian Sea-level change. Sedimentary Geology 107:189–209
Kwadijk J, Rotmans J (1995) The impact of climate change on the River Rhine: a scenario study. Climatic-Change 30(4):397–425
Mackey SD, Bridge JS (1995) Three-dimensional model of alluvial stratigraphy: theory and application. Journal of Sedimentary Research B: Stratigraphy and Global Studies 65:7–31
Milliman JD, Meade RH (1983) World-wide delivery of river sediment to the oceans. Journal of Geology 91:1–21
Milliman JD, Syvitski JP (1992) Geomorphic/tectonic control of sediment discharge to the ocean: the importance of small mountainous rivers. Journal of Geology 100:525–544
Morehead MD, Syvitski JP, Hutton EWH, Peckham SD (2003) Modeling the temporal variability in the flux of sediment from ungauged river basins. Global Planet Change 39:95–110
Onstad CA (1984) Sediment yield modelling. In: Hadley RF, Walling DE (eds) Erosion and sediment yield: some methods of measurement and modelling Cambridge, University Press, pp 71–90
Salmanov MA (1997) Water balance of Azerbaijan, Green Azerbaijan, ECORES 1997. http://greenaz.aznet.org/GreenAz/issues97/BT0297E.html
Slingerland R, Smith ND (1998) Necessary conditions for a meandering-river avulsion. Geology 26(5):435–438
Storms JEA (2003) Event-based stratigraphic simulation of wave-dominated shallow marine environments. Marine Geology 199:83–100
Syvitski JP (2003) Supply and flux of sediment along hydrological pathways: research for the 21st century. Global Planet Change 39:1–11
Syvitski JP, Morehead MD (1999) Estimating river-sediment discharge to the ocean: application to the Eel Margin, northern California. Marine Geology 154:13–28
Syvitski JP, Morehead MD, Nicholson M (1998) HYDROTREND: A climate-driven hydrologic-transport model for predicting discharge and sediment load to lakes or oceans. Comput Geosci 24(1):51–68
Syvitski JP, Peckham SD, Hilberman R, Mulder T (2003) Predicting the terrestial flux of sediment to the global ocean: a panetary perspective. Sedimentary Geology 162:5–24
Ward RC, Robinson M (1990) Principles of hydrology. Maidenhead, McGraw Hill
Warren S, Kukosh VS (2003) Kura basin interim report, Mott MacDonald, Arcadis Euroconsult, Water Law and Policy Programme, Joint River Management 2003. http://www.jointrivers.org/files/pr3/kura3_en.pdf
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hoogendoorn, R., Weltje, G. (2007). A Stochastic Model for Simulating Long Time Series of River-Mouth Discharge and Sediment Load. In: Begum, S., Stive, M.J.F., Hall, J.W. (eds) Flood Risk Management in Europe. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research, vol 25. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4200-3_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4200-3_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-4199-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-4200-3
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)