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Structural Models for the FeMo-Cofactor and the P Clusters

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Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation

Part of the book series: Nitrogen Fixation: Origins, Applications, and Research Progress ((NITR,volume 1))

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Abstract

Nature uses unique heterometallic-sulfur assemblies, at the active sites of enzymes, to catalyze reactions of environmental and industrial importance. As an example, the bifunctional enzyme, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ACS), from Moorella thermoacetica catalyses the sequestration of carbon dioxide and its conversion to acetyl-CoA, which is a source of cell carbon, at moderate temperature and pressure. The process has similarities to the industrial Monsanto modification of the Reppe process, which produces acetic acid from carbon monoxide but uses relatively forcing conditions and expensive catalysts. At the active sites of this enzyme are unusual nickel-iron-sulfur assemblies (Figure 1 ; Doukov et al., 2002). The enzyme nitrogenase catalyses the even more important conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia and again nature utilizes complex and specialized metal-sulfur clusters. In molybdenum nitrogenase, the reduction of dinitrogen occurs at the iron-molybdenum-cofactor (FeMo-cofactor). In addition, within the protein are unusual iron-sulfur clusters, which are probably involved in electron transfer, called the P cluster. The structures of both the FeMo-cofactor and the P cluster were described in Chapter 4.

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  1. Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK

    D. J. Evans

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  1. Emeritus Fellow, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, UK

    Barry E. Smith

  2. Chemistry Department, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK

    Raymond L. Richards

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, USA

    William E. Newton

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Evans, D.J. (2004). Structural Models for the FeMo-Cofactor and the P Clusters. In: Smith, B.E., Richards, R.L., Newton, W.E. (eds) Catalysts for Nitrogen Fixation. Nitrogen Fixation: Origins, Applications, and Research Progress, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-3611-8_8

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