Abstract
We review the problems with galaxy formation in the current ΛCDM model. The first difficulty is that pure disk galaxies seem to be impossible to build, a problem that is related to both the “angular momentum catastrophe” and the “small scale structure problem”. The latter problem is that one sees thousands of satellites in simulations of galaxy halos, while real galaxies appear to have very few. These two problems become intertwined as the lumps cause problems in the formation of disks They stir things up and transfer angular momentum. Retrograde moving lumps collide with material that might have made a disk and force it all into something that isn’t flattened. Finally, more distant satellites might ruin a disk at late times. The last of the small scale problems is the high central densities of dark matter that are predicted but also not seen. We will review the situation and how it started with something that we thought we understood in the 1980’s and has gotten progressively murky over the last several years.
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Lake, G. (2004). The Problems with Galaxy Formation. In: Block, D.L., Puerari, I., Freeman, K.C., Groess, R., Block, E.K. (eds) Penetrating Bars through Masks of Cosmic Dust. Astrophysics and Space Science Library, vol 319. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2862-5_33
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