Abstract
Multiferroic magnetoelectrics are materials which are both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric in the same phase [1]. As a result they have a spontaneous magnetization that can be switched by an applied magnetic field and a spontaneous polarization that can be switched by an applied electric field. Very few exist in nature or have been synthesized in the laboratory. In this paper we describe the fundamental physics behind the scarcity of ferromagnetic ferroelectrics, and show that, in general, localized electrons (which are essential for magnetism) reduce the tendency for off-center ferroelectric distortion. Consequently, an additional electronic or structural driving force must be present for ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity to occur simultaneously. We identify one such driving force for off-centering and describe its exploitation in the successful prediction and subsequent synthesis of a new ferromagnetic ferroelectric.
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Spaldin, N.A. (2004). Computational Design of a New Magnetic Ferroelectric. In: Fiebig, M., Eremenko, V.V., Chupis, I.E. (eds) Magnetoelectric Interaction Phenomena in Crystals. NATO Science Series, vol 164. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2707-9_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2707-9_7
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