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Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis pp 965–977Cite as

Impaired cellular host defense and chronic inflammatory abnormalities in end-stage renal disease

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Abstract

Infectious complications are the second most frequent single cause of death (1). Viral infections include hepatitis B, hepatitis C or influenza. The secondary immune defect of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients (2) results in low antibody titers, short duration of protection, and nonresponsiveness to standard vaccination protocols (3–5). Nonresponse to hepatitis B vaccine is accompanied by an impaired activation of T lymphocytesin vitro and a reduced secretion of interleukin 2 (IL-2) (6). The costimulatory system of B7 molecules on antigenpresenting cells is responsible for this defect, since supplementation of B7 signalsin vitro led to a normalization of T-cell function (7). Response rates of vaccination with hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) in the initial studies among dialysis patients ranged from 50% to 60% (3, 8, 9). Even in recent studies more than 30–40% of patients could not be protected against hepatitis B by means of active vaccination (10–12).

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Authors
  1. W. H. Hörl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine III, University of Vienna, Währinger Gurtel 18-20, A-1090, Vienna, Austria

    Walter H. Hörl

  2. Division of Nephrology, Centre for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Medizinische Hochschule, Hannover, Germany

    Karl M. Koch

  3. Optimal Dialysis Research Unit, London Health Sciences Centre and The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada

    Robert M. Lindsay

  4. Department of Nephrology, St. Bortolo Hospital, Viale Rodolfi, I-36100, Vicenza, Italy

    Claudio Ronco

  5. RenalTech International, LLC, 320 East 65th St, #116, New York, NY, 10021, USA

    James F. Winchester

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Hörl, W.H. (2004). Impaired cellular host defense and chronic inflammatory abnormalities in end-stage renal disease. In: Hörl, W.H., Koch, K.M., Lindsay, R.M., Ronco, C., Winchester, J.F. (eds) Replacement of Renal Function by Dialysis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2275-3_40

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2275-3_40

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