Electrons in a periodic potential

Abstract

Here we shall consider the behaviour of electrons in periodic solids. This behaviour is determined mostly by the periodic potential of the crystal lattice. First, the free electron gas model in which electrons do not interact and the lattice potential is constant will be considered. Next, we shall consider the effect of the periodic potential on the electrons which results in the introduction of band structure. This will prompt us to discuss main distinctions between different solids with respect to their electronic structure: metals, semimetals, semiconductors and insulators. Some of the transport properties due to electrons will also be considered in a due course. Note that magnetic properties will be considered separately in Chapter 6.