Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Exploration of Biogeochemical Temporal Variability

  • Conference paper
The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAIV,volume 40))

Abstract

There is growing interest in better understanding the biogeochemistry of the world oceans, largely because of the rapid increase of atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO2, and the anticipated consequences for the oceans as well as the atmosphere. Interestingly, measurements are presently showing increasing levels of CO2 in the surface layers of the ocean in relatively pristine areas, namely at the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) time series sites off Hawaii and Bermuda (e.g., Karl et al., 2001). Suggested effects of rising levels of CO2 include increases in global atmospheric and oceanic temperature, shifts in weather patterns causing regional droughts and flooding, melting of ice caps, sea level rise, and changes in ocean ecology and population dynamics that may affect fisheries. A fundamental scientific, societal, and political issue concerns the partitioning of the causes of these phenomena between natural variability versus anthropogenic influences.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Argo Science Team, 2001. Argo: the global array of profiling floats, in Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith, GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 213–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997a, Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1479–1491.

    Google Scholar 

  • Behrenfeld and Falkowski, 1997b, A consumer’s guide to phytoplankton primary productivity models, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berelson, W.M., 2001, The flux of particulate organic carbon into the ocean interior: A comparison of four U.S. JGOFS regional studies, Oceanography 14(4), 59–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bidigare, R.R., J. Marra, T.D. Dickey, R. Iturriaga, K.S. Baker, R.C. Smith, and H. Pak, 1990. Evidence for phytoplankton succession and chromatic adaptation in the Sargasso Sea during springtime 1985. Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 60, 113–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J.K.B., 1989. Regional extremes in particulate matter composition and flux: effects on the chemistry of the ocean interior, in Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past, eds. W.H. Berger, V.S. Smetacek, and G. Wefer, John Wiley and Sons, 117–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, J.K.B., 1999, Transmissometer measurement of POC, Deep-Sea Res. I, 46(2), 353–369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, P.G., K.W. Bruland, R.W. Eppley, and J. J. McCarthy, 1986, The Global Ocean Flux Study (GOFS): Status of the U.S. GOFS Program, EOS, 67, 44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buesseler, K.O., 2001, Ocean biogeochemistry and the carbon cycle, Oceanography, 14(4), 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, G.C., and T.D. Dickey, 2001, Optical and physical variability on time-scales from minutes to the seasonal cycle on the New England shelf: July 1996-June 1997, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9435–9453.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, F., P.G. Strutton, and M. J. McPhaden, 1998. Biological-physical coupling in the central Pacific during the onset of the 1997–98 El Niño. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3543–3546.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chavez, F.P., P.G. Strutton, G.E. Friederich, R.A. Feely, G.C. Feldman, D.G. Foley, and M.J. McPhaden, 1999. Biological and chemical response of the equatorial Pacific Ocean to the 1997–98 El Niño. Science, 286, 2126–2131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Colling, A. and Open University Course Team, 2001. Ocean Circulation, 2nd edition, Butterworth and Heinemann Publishing, Milton Keyes, UK, 286pp.,

    Google Scholar 

  • Conte, M.H., T.D. Dickey, J.C. Weber, R. Johnson, and A. Knap, 2003. Transient physical forcing of pulsed export of bioreactive material to the deep Sargasso Sea, Deep-Sea Res. I, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T.D., 2001. New technologies and their roles in advancing biogeochemical research, Oceanography, 14(4), 108–120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., 2001, Sensors: inherent and apparent optical properties, Encyclopedia of Ocean Science, eds. J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe, and K.K. Turekian, Academic Press, London, 1313–1323.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., 2002, Emerging ocean observations for interdisciplinary data assimilation systems, J. Mar. Sys., 40–41, 5–48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., 2002, Instrumentation and new technologies, Oceans 2020: Science for Future Needs, eds. J.G. Field, G. Hempl, and C.P. Summerhayes, Island Press, Washington, DC, 213–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T.D. and G.C. Chang, 2001, Recent advances and future visions: temporal variability of optical and bio-optical properties of the ocean, Oceanography, 14(3), 15–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T. and P. Falkowski, 2002, Solar energy and its biological-physical interaction in the sea, eds. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild, Chapter 10, The Sea, Vol. 12, John Wiley, New York, 401–440.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., D. Frye, H. Jannasch, E. Boyle, D. Manov, D. Sigurdson, J. McNeil, M. Stramska, A. Michaels, N. Nelson, D. Siegel, G. Chang, J. Wu, and A. Knap, 1998, Initial results from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring Program, Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 771–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., D. Frye, J. McNeil, D. Manov, N. Nelson, D. Sigurdson, H. Jannasch, D. Siegel, T. Michaels, and R. Johnson, 1998, Upper-ocean temperature response to Hurricane Felix as measured by the Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1195–1201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., J. Marra, D.E. Sigurdson, R.A. Weller, C.S. Kinkade, .E. Zedler, J.D. Wiggert, and C. Langdon, 1998, Seasonal variability of bio-optical and physical properties in the Arabian Sea: October 1994 — October 1995, Deep Sea Res. II, 45, 2001–2025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., M. Lewis, and G. Chang, 2003, Toward a global ocean system for measurements of optical properties using remote sensing and in situ Observations Manual of Remote Sensing: Marine Environment, ed. J. Gower, in review.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., N. Bates, R. Byrne, F. Chavez, R. Feely, C. Moore, and R. Wanninkhof, 2000, A Review of the NOPP Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (OSCOPE) Project, Fifth Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Proc. Amer. Met. Soc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dickey, T., S. Zedler, X. Yu, S.C. Doney, D. Frye, H. Jannasch, D. Manov, D. Sigurdson, J.D. McNeil, L. Dobeck, T. Gilboy, C. Bravo, D.A. Siegel, and N. Nelson, 2001, Physical and biogeochemical variability from hours to years at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: June 1994 — March 1998, Deep-Sea Res. II, 48 (8–9), 2105–2140.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doney, S.C., K. Lindsay, J.K. Moore, S. Dutkiewicz, M.A.M. Friedrichs, and R.J. Matear, 2001, Marine biogeochemical modeling: recent advances and future challenges, Oceanography, 14(4), 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ducklow, H.W., D.K. Steinberg, and K.O. Buesseler, 2001, Upper ocean carbon export and the biological pump, Oceanography, 14(4), 50–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flierl, G. and D. McGillicuddy, 2002, Mesoscale and submesoscale physical-biological interactions, in Biological-Physical Interactions in the Sea, eds. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild, The Sea, Vol. 12, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 113–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foley, D., T. Dickey, M. McPhaden, R. Bidigare, M. Lewis, R. Barber, C. Garside, and D. Manov, 1998: Longwaves and primary productivity variations in the equatorial Pacific at 0°, 140°W, Deep-Sea Res. II, 44, 1801–1826.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, G., A. Knap, and T. Dickey, 2000, Autosub experiment near Bermuda, Sea Tech., 41(2), 35–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, G., R. Davis, C. Eriksen, D. Frye, P. Marchand, T. Dickey, and R. Weller, 2001, Towards new platform technology for sustained observations, in Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 324–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansel], D.A. and C.A. Carlson, 2001, Marine dissolved organic matter and the carbon cycle, Oceanography, 14(4), 41–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann, E.E. and M.A.M. Friedrichs, 2001. Biogeochemical data assimilation, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, eds. J.H. Steele, S. Thorpe, and K. Turekian, Academic Press, London, 302–308.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, E.E. and M.A.M. Friedrichs, 2002. Predictive modeling for marine ecosystems, The Sea, Volume 12, eds. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild, Ch 13, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 537–566.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honjo, S., J. Dymond, W. Prell, and V. Ittekot, 1999, Monsoon-controlled export fluxes to the interior of the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. II, 46(8–9), 1859–1902.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaku, M., 1997. Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century, Anchor Books Doubleday, New York, 403pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karl, D.M., J.R. Dore, R. Lukas, A.F. Michaels, N.R. Bates, and A. Knap, 2001, Building the long-term picture: The U.S. JGOFS Time-series Programs, Oceanography, 14(4), 6–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koblinsky, C.J. and N.R. Smith (eds.), 2001. Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 580pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolber, Z.S., O. Prasil, and P. Falkowski, 1998. Measurements of variable chlorophyll fluorescence using fast repetition rate techniques: defining methodology and experimental protocols, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1376, 88–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalli, C.M. and T.R. Parsons, 1993, Biological Oceanography: An Introduction, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 301pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Le Traon, P.Y., M. Reinecker, N.R. Smith, P. Bahurel, M. Bell, H. Hurlburt, and P. Dandin, 2001. Operational oceanography and prediction: a GODAE perspective, in Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith, GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 529–545.

    Google Scholar 

  • Letelier, R.M., D.M. Karl, M.R. Abbott, P. Flament, M. Freilich, R. Lukas and T. Strub, 2000. Role of late winter mesoscale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, J. Geophys. Res., 105,723–739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, M.R., 2002, Variability of plankton and plankton processes on the mesoscale, in Phytoplankton Productivity: Carbon Assimilation in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Ch. 6, eds. P.J. le B. Williams, D.N. Thomas, and C.S. Reynolds, Blackwell Science, London, 141–155.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Marra, J., T.D. Dickey, C. Ho, C.S. Kinkade, D.E. Sigurdson, R.A. Weller, and R.T. Barber, 1998, Variability in primary production as observed from moored sensors in the central Arabian Sea in 1995, Deep-Sea Res. II, 45, 2253–2267.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGillicuddy, D.J., 2001. The internal weather of the sea and its influences on ocean biogeochemistry, Oceanography, 14(4), 78–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGillicuddy, D.J., A.R. Robinson, D.A. Siegel, H.W. Jannasch, R. Johnson, T.D. Dickey, J.D. McNeil, A.F. Michaels, and A.H. Knap, 1998, Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea, Nature, 394, 263–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNeil, J.D., H.W. Jannasch, T. Dickey, D. McGillicuddy Jr., M. Brzezinski, and C.M. Sakamoto, 1999. New chemical, bio-optical, and physical observations of upper ocean response to the passage of a mesoscale eddy off Bermuda, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,537–15,548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McPhaden, M.J., T. Delcroix, K. Hanawa, Y. Kuroda, G. Meyers, J. Picaut, and M. Swenson, 2001. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Observing System, in Observing the Oceans in the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith, GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia, 213–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oschlies, A. and V. Garcon, 1998. Eddy-induced enhancement of primary production in a model of the North Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 266–269.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R. and P.F.J. Lermusiaux, 2001. Data assimilation in models, in Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, eds. J.H. Steele, S. Thorpe, and K. Turekian, Academic Press, London, 623–634.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R. and P.F.J. Lermusiaux, 2002. Data assimilation for modeling and predicting coupled physical-biological interactions in the sea, The Sea, Volume 12, eds. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild, Ch 12, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 475–536.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R. and T. Dickey (eds.), 1997. An Advanced Modeling/Observation System (AMOS) for physical-biological-chemical ecosystem research and monitoring (concepts and methodology), The GLOBEC International Working Groups on Numerical Modeling and Sampling Observational Systems, GLOBEC Special Contribution No. 2, GLOBEC International, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth UK, 155pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R., J.G. Bellingham, C. Chryssostomidis, T.D. Dickey, E. Levine, N. Petrikalakis, D.L. Porter, B.J. Rothschild, H. Schmidt, K. Sherman, D.V. Holliday, and D.K. Atwood, 1999, Real-time forecasting of the multidisciplinary coastal ocean with the Littoral Ocean Observing and Predicting System (LOOPS), Proceedings of the Third Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction Processes, New Orleans, LA, American Meteorological Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, A.R., P.F.J. Lermusiaux, and N.Q. Sloan III, 1998. Data assimilation, The Sea, Volume 10, eds. K.H. Brink and A.R. Robinson, Ch 20, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 541–594.

    Google Scholar 

  • Send, U., R. Weller, S. Cunningham, C. Eriksen, T. Dickey, M. Kawabe, R. Lukas, M. McCartney, and S. Osterhuis, 2001, Oceanographic time series observatories, Observing the Ocean for Climate in the 21st Century, eds. C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, 376–390.

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, D.A., D.J. McGillicuddy, and E.A. Fields, 1999, Mesoscale eddies, satellite altimetry, and new production in the Sargasso Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 13,359–13,379.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tokar, J.M. and T.D. Dickey, 2000, Chemical sensor technology — Current and future applications, Chemical Sensors in Oceanography, Gordon & Breach Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, 303–329, 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wunsch, C., 1996. The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 442pp.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Yoder, J.A., J.K. Moore, and R.N. Swift, 2001, Putting together the big picture: remote sensing observations of ocean color, Oceanography, 14(4), 33–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, X., T. Dickey, J. Bellingham, D. Manov, and K. Streilein, 2002, The application of autonomous underwater vehicles for interdisciplinary measurements in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays, Cont. Shelf Res, 22, 2225–2245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ocean Physics Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA

    Tommy D. Dickey

Authors
  1. Tommy D. Dickey
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Earth Atmosphere and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA

    Mick Follows

  2. Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Turkey

    Temel Oguz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Dickey, T.D. (2004). Exploration of Biogeochemical Temporal Variability. In: Follows, M., Oguz, T. (eds) The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate. NATO Science Series, vol 40. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2087-2_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2087-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-2086-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-4020-2087-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation