Abstract
The rapidity with which urbanisation is now proceeding in the Third World and the enormity of the problems this process is producing have to date been very little recognised in terms of research effort either within the Third World itself or within the economically advanced nations. This is surprising in view of the startling nature of even the most basic and easily accessible facts. Turner has, for instance, pointed out that within the lifetime of many of its present inhabitants the population of Lima will increase one thousand per cent1. This is one simple measure of the magnitude of urbanisation processes now well under way in the Third World and indeed rapidly accelerating. In 1940 Lima was a city of 600 000 people: it is expected that on present trends Lima’s population will have grown to six million by 1990. Calcutta is already approaching seven millions and will at least double in population within the next twenty-five years. With urban growth rates generally between 3 and 10 per cent, Third World cities, in terms of their built environment and especially in housing provision, can be said not simply to be bursting but more accurately to have burst already at the seams. Substantial and growing numbers of people are living within or on the edges of such cities in what may be called spontaneous settlements.
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References
John F. C. Turner. Uncontrolled Urban Settlement: Problems and Policies, Working Paper No. 11, Inter-Regional Seminar on Development Policies and Planning in Relation to Urbanisation. University of Pittsburgh (1966). Reprinted in Breese, Gerald (ed.), The City in Newly Developing Countries, Englewood Cliffs (1969), pp. 507–34; reference on p. 523.
D. J. Dwyer. The Problem of In-Migration and Squatter Settlement in Asian Cities: Two Case Studies, Manila and Victoria-Kowloon. Asian Studies, 2 (1964), pp. 145–69; estimates from p. 153.
Turner, in Breese. Op. cit., p. 507.
John F. C. Turner. Barriers and Channels for Housing Development in Modernising Countries. J. Am. Inst. Planners, 33 (1967), 167–81; reference on p. 168.
See Dwyer. Op. cit., pp. 145–6.
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Daniel Lerner. Comparative Analysis of Processes of Modernisation, in Miner Horace (ed.). The City in Modern Africa, London (1967), pp. 21–38; reference on p. 24.
See the following papers by Turner: op. cit., 1966; op cit., 1967; The squatter settlement: an architecture that works. Architectural Design, 38 (1968), 355–60; and Housing priorities, settlement patterns, and urban development in modernising countries. J. Am. Inst. Planners, 34 (1968), 354–63. Also John F. C. Turner with Rolf Goetze, Environmental security and housing input. Ekistics, 23 (1967), 123–82.
Turner and Goetze. Op. cit., p. 123.
Ibid.
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Turner. Barriers and Channels. Op. cit., pp. 169–72.
Ibid., p. 171.
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Turner. Barriers and Channels. Op. cit., p. 167.
Ibid.
Ibid., p. 178.
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Ibid., pp. 515–56.
D. J. Dwyer. The city in the developing world and the example of South East Asia. An inaugural lecture from the Chair of Geography, University of Hong Kong, Supplement to the Gazette, 15 (1968), No. 6.
D. J. Dwyer. Problems of urbanisation: the example of Hong Kong, in Land Use and Resources: Studies in Applied Geography, Institute of British Geographers, Special Publication No. 1, London (1968), pp. 169–85; and Urban squatters: the relevance of the Hong Kong experience. Asian Survey, 10 (1970), 607–31.
D. J. Dwyer. Size as a factor in economic growth: some reflections on the case of Hong Kong. Tijdsch. econ. soc. Geogr., 56 (1965), 186–92.
D. J. Dwyer (ed.). Asian Urbanisation: a Hong Kong Casebook, Hong Kong University Press (1971).
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© 1974 Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Dwyer, D.J. (1974). Attitudes Towards Spontaneous Settlement in Third World Cities. In: Dwyer, D.J. (eds) The City in the Third World. The Geographical Readings series. Palgrave, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-86177-4_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-86177-4_14
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